Government Judicial Branch

Original Jurisdiction

a court's authority to hear a case for the first time, before it goes through any other court.

Ruling

an authoritative decision or pronouncement, especially one made by a judge

Opinion

a written document explaining a court's decision in a legal case, including the facts, legal issues, and the court's reasoning for its ruling

Precedent

an earlier event or action that is regarded as an example or guide to be considered in subsequent similar circumstances

Tenure

the right to hold an official position indefinitely or for a set period, often with job security and protection from political pressure, such as lifetime tenure for federal judges or fixed-term tenures for elected officials

Subpoena

a formal, court-ordered demand for information that compels a person or organization to either appear to give testimony or produce specific documents and evidence

Litigant

a party involved in a lawsuit, and in the context of the government, this can be the government agency itself as a plaintiff or defendant, or a citizen suing the government. The term refers to anyone actively participating in a legal dispute, whether they are suing or being sued

Treason

Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court.

The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason, but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture except during the life of the person attainted.

Describe the Supreme Court’s role in determining the constitutionality of laws and acts of the legislative and executive branches.

The Supreme Court determines the constitutionality of laws and acts through its power of judicial review, allowing it to strike down any law or executive action that conflicts with the Constitution. The Court's primary role is to serve as the final interpreter of the Constitution, ensuring that the legislative and executive branches do not overstep their authority and that individual rights are protected. This power serves as a crucial check and balance within the U.S. government