Cellular Respiration and Redox Reactions

A set of flashcards focusing on key vocabulary and concepts related to cellular respiration and redox reactions.

Oxidation

The loss of electrons from a substance in a chemical reaction.

What are the 3 net outputs of Glycolysis

1. 2 ATP

2. 2 pyruvate

3. 2 NADH

Kinase enzyme

Adds phosphate group

Phosphatase enzyme

Removes phosphate group

Isomerase enzyme

Removes atoms (carbons) but keeps same molecular formula

Does glycolysis need oxygen to proceed?

No

Where does glycolysis occur?

In the cytosol of the cytoplasm

Dehydrogenase enzyme

Removes H+ ion (2 e- and 2 p+)

Reduction

The addition of electrons to a substance in a chemical reaction; it reduces the positive charge.

Redox Reaction

Chemical reactions that transfer electrons between reactants.

Glycolysis

The metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH.

Fermentation

A partial degradation of sugars that occurs without oxygen.

Aerobic Respiration

The process of producing cellular energy with oxygen; consumes organic molecules and yields ATP.

Anaerobic Respiration

A type of respiration that occurs without oxygen and uses other compounds as electron acceptors.

Chemical Energy

Energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds.

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

The primary energy carrier in all living organisms.

Electron Transport Chain

A series of protein complexes that transfer electrons to generate ATP.

NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)

A coenzyme that serves as an electron carrier in cellular respiration.

Substrate-Level Phosphorylation

The direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP during glycolysis.

Exergonic Reaction

A reaction that releases energy.

High-Energy Electron Donors

Organic molecules rich in hydrogen that can donate electrons during oxidation.

Energy Investment Phase

The initial phase of glycolysis where ATP is consumed to convert glucose into intermediates.

Energy Payoff Phase

The phase of glycolysis where ATP and NADH are generated as glucose is converted into pyruvate.

Hydrogen Ion (H+)

A positively charged ion (proton) that is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions.