5088 Biology Revision Notes (Fill-in-the-Blank Flashcards)

A set of fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering key concepts from the Biology notes (DNA, cells, enzymes, transport, respiration, genetics, plants, human physiology, nutrition, and disease).

DNA stands for __.

Deoxyribonucleic acid

The organelle that releases energy for the cell is the __.

mitochondria

The transport of manufactured food substances (e.g., sucrose) in the phloem is called __.

translocation

Root hair cells have a long extension to increase the __.

surface area to volume ratio

Osmosis is the net movement of water from a solution with higher water potential to one with lower water potential through a __ membrane.

partially permeable

Diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration down a __ gradient.

concentration

An enzyme is a biological __ that acts as a catalyst.

catalyst

Lock and Key Hypothesis describes the enzyme as the 'lock' and the substrate as the ''.

key

Extreme pH or temperature can denature enzymes, destroying the enzyme's active __.

site

Aerobic respiration is the breakdown of glucose in the presence of __.

oxygen

Root hair cells absorb water by __.

osmosis

Bile is produced by the liver and stored in the __.

gall bladder

The blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart (to the lungs) is the __.

pulmonary artery

The plant tissue that transports sugars is the __.

phloem

The process of moving manufactured food substances in plants is __.

translocation

The hormone that lowers blood glucose concentration is __.

insulin

The hormone that raises blood glucose concentration is __.

glucagon

Progesterone maintains and thickens the uterine lining and inhibits __.

ovulation

Male gamete is the __; female gamete is the __.

sperm; egg

Fertilisation restores the diploid number to __.

46

An allele that expresses itself in both homozygous and heterozygous conditions is the __ allele.

dominant

A gene is a sequence of DNA that codes for the production of a single __.

polypeptide

The basic unit of DNA is a __.

nucleotide

Adenine always pairs with __.

thymine

Cytosine always pairs with __.

guanine

The zygote formed after fertilisation is diploid and has __ chromosomes.

46

An allele that expresses itself only in the homozygous condition is the __ allele.

recessive

In a monohybrid cross, the expected phenotypic ratio is __.

3:1

Insulin is produced by the __ of Langerhans in the pancreas.

Islets

The hepatic portal vein carries absorbed glucose and amino acids to the __.

liver

The gall bladder stores __.

bile

Most enzymes have a specific optimum __.

pH

A larger surface area-to-volume ratio increases the rate of __.

diffusion

Iodine test for starch turns brown to __.

blue-black

Benedict's test for reducing sugars produces a brick-red precipitate; color change to __.

brick-red

Biuret's test for protein results in a color change to __.

violet

Alveolar walls are only __ cells thick.

one

Transpiration is the loss of water vapour from the __.

stomata

The main artery with the highest pressure is the __.

aorta

The phloem transports manufactured food, such as sucrose, from the leaves to other parts of the plant; this process is called __.

translocation

The reaction of photosynthesis uses light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and __.

oxygen

A carbon sink is an area that stores carbon from the atmosphere; examples include __ and oceans.

forests