IB Bio - Genetics and Evolution

0.0(0)
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Get a hint
Hint

gene pool

Get a hint
Hint

sum total of all the alleles of all the genes present in a population

Get a hint
Hint

allele frequency

Get a hint
Hint

relative frequency of a particular allele (in comparison to the other alleles of the same gene) in a population

Card Sorting

1/26

Anonymous user
Anonymous user
flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

27 Terms

1
New cards

gene pool

sum total of all the alleles of all the genes present in a population

2
New cards

allele frequency

relative frequency of a particular allele (in comparison to the other alleles of the same gene) in a population

3
New cards

genetic drift

change in alleles frequency in a gene pool of a population due to chance events. can occurs in two situation: the bottleneck effect and founder effect

4
New cards

bottleneck effect

when natural disasters lead to a sudden decrease in the population that may not represent the genetic diversity of the original population

5
New cards

founder effect

when a small subset of a population breaks away from the larger population to colonize a new area and the population that branches off may not be an exact genetic representation of the original population

6
New cards

neo-darwinism

the combined work of many scientists to explain natural selection on the foundation of mendelian genetics

7
New cards

stabilizing selection

natural selection that favours the average individual with intermediate forms of the trait and eliminates extreme forms

8
New cards

directional selection

favours one extreme form id the trait over all other forms

9
New cards

disruptive selection

natural selection where both extremes forms of the traits are favoured over the intermediate form

10
New cards

artificial selection

when people select traits to be represented in the next generation

11
New cards

linked genes

genes that are found on the same chromosome and are close togethef

12
New cards

unlinked genes

genes that are found on different chromosomes

13
New cards

dihybrid cross

the inheritance of two traits

14
New cards

gene loci

specific location of a gene in a chromosome

15
New cards

discrete variation

traits where individuals are clearly one phenotype or another

16
New cards

continuous variation

a spread called a normal distribution that is plotted as a bell-curve

17
New cards

polygenic inheritance

when a trait is controlled by many genes interacting together

18
New cards

speciation

the process by which new species arise

19
New cards

reproductive isolation

a driver of speciation when barriers prevent populations of the same species from interbreeding

20
New cards

allopatric speciation

speciation from geographical factors

21
New cards

sympatric speciation

speciation that happens in the same location due to isolating mechanisms

22
New cards

temporal isolation

a type of reproductive isolation that results from differences in timing of the reproductive cycle

23
New cards

behavioural isolation

a type of reproductive isolation that results from environmental factors

24
New cards

adaptive radiation

evolution of multiple new species from an ancestral species to occupy different ecological niches

25
New cards

hybridisation

interbreeding between two different species that leads to a new species

26
New cards

polyploidy

when a diploid cell or organism acquired one or more additional sets of chromosomes

27
New cards

allopolyploidy

a special case of polyploidy where a hybrid has multiple chromosomes sets that are derived from the different parental species