phlebotomy school

battery

unlawful touching that does not necessarily cause harm, but is without consent

evacuated tube system ETS

system for withdrawing a predetermined amount of blood using a needle adapter, and a color coded vacuum sealed tube

HIPAA health insurance portability and accountability act

a federal law that protects pts health information

negligence

failure to provide appropriate care

phlebotomist

an individual responsible for obtaining blood specimens from pts

phlebotomy

act of drawing or removing blood from a blood vessle to obtain a sample for analysis

venipuncture

the act of puncturing a vein with a needle

agglutination

when particles in a liquid solution clump together

anemia

condition marked by a deficiency of red blood cells

antecubital fossa AC

the inside area of the arm located at the crease of the elbow

antibody

protein substance manufactured by the body in response to an antigen

anticoagulant

substance that prevents blood from clotting

antigen

substance that can cause the formation of an antibody

arteries

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

capillaries

tiny blood vessels below the sruface of the skin

coagulation

process of blood clotting

deoxygenated blood

oxygen-deficient blood

erythrocyte

red blood cell

hemochromatosis

elevated levels of iron in the blod

homeostasis

balanced state in the body

leukocyte

white blood cell

oxygenated blood

o2 rich blood

plasma

liquid portion of blood, consisting of about 90% water

polycythemia vera

condition marked by excess rbc

scope of practice

legally allowed to perform based on training/certification

parts of scope

-explain to pt and the provider will explain the results
-can’t interpret results

serum

liquid portion of coagulated blood, clotted blood

thrombocytes

platelets, cell fragments that aid in coagulation

tourniquet

band wrapped around a limb to constrict blood flow in the vessels

vein

blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart

whole blood

blood that circulates through the body containing all components

biohazard

substances that are harmful or pose a risk through exposure

bloodborne pathogens

microorganisms that can cause disease through exposure to blood and bodily fluids

CLSI: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute

global lab that develops standard practices for quality pt care and safety

CLIA ‘88: Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988

federal regulations that ensure the quality and accuracy of laboratory testing

NIOSH: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

a federal agency responsible for conducting research to provide safer and healthier workplaces

OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration

federal agency responsible for establishing safety regulations across every workplace

OPIM: Other Potentially Infectious Materials

bodily fluids other than blood

percutaneous

through the skin

QA: Quality Assurance

protocol or program that establisheds policies and guidelines defining safe practices and document procedures

QC Quality Control

steps or procedures performed to comply with a QA program

risk management

internal system of guidelines and standards designed to minimize risks to pts and staff

SDS: safety data sheet

an information sheet for each chemical including information about exposure storage, proper use, and disposal

aseptic

free of pathogenic microorganisms that can cause disease

aseptic technique

practices that help maintain a clean environment to prevent infection and reduce sample contamination

bevel

slanted tip of a needle

chlorhexidine

antiseptic used as an alternative to alcohol

flash

moment when blood first appears in the hub of a needle after successful venipuncture

gauge

a measure of the diameter of the lumen of a needle

hemoconcentration

an increase in blood component concentration due to fluid loss

invert

gentle rotation of a specimen by burning it upside down and then returning it to the upright position to mix the blood iwth an additive after collection

lumen

hollow interior space of the needle

order of draw

proper sequence for blood tube collection as defined by CLSI guidelines

requisition

a form sent ot the lab that includes pt details, tests ordered, and any special instructions

winged infusion set

butterfly needle: alood collection set that uses small plastic wings for stabilization

anaphylaxis

severe allergic reaction caused by immune system releasing histamines and serotonin into the bloodstream

bariatric

related to the tx and management of obesity

bedside manner

the way a healthcare professional interacts with and treats pts

dialysis

medical tx that filers waste, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys can no longer function properly

edema

swelling due to excessive fluid accumulation in the body tissues

fistula

permanent surgical connection between an artery and vein

geriatric

related to the health care and medical tx of older adults aged 65 and older

graft

temporary piece of synthetic tubing surgically inserted under the skin to connect a vein and artery together

hematoma

a collection of blood beneath the skin caused by blood vessel leakage

urticaria

an allergic reaction manifesting as red, itchy, raised welts on the skin that can vary in size and shape

lymphedema

a condition that can cause swelling due to the removal of lymph nodes

mastectomy

surgical removal of one or both breasts

pediatric

related to the medical care and tx of infants, children, and adolescents

petechiae

small non raised red dots caused by bleeding under the skin

port

small devices placed under the skin and connected to a catheter that leads to a central vein

seizure

sudden, uncontrolled electrical distrubances in the brain

vasovagal syncope

sudden fainting episode caused by a drop in hr and bp

aggregation

clumping of platelets to form a temporary plug at the site of blood vessel injury

analytes

subtance in the blood that are measured for diagnostic purposes

bilirubin

yellow pigment produced when rbc break down

capillary action

movement of liquid through a narrow space without the help of forces like gravity

dermal puncture / capillary collection

puncture of the skin to obtain a capillary blood sample

endocrine

relating to glands that release hormones into the bloodstream to regulate body functions

fibrinolysis

process by which the body breaks down and removes a blood clot

GALT: galactosemia

metabolic disorder in whichthe body cannot process galactose

genetic

inherited from a person’s parents through DNA

hemolyze

to break down rbc causing them to release their contents

hemostasis

process by which the body stops bleeding after an injury

interstitial fluid

fluid surrounding cells and tissues

jaundice

condition caused by excess bilirubin i nthe blood, leading to yellowing of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes

lancet

small, sharp medical device used to puncture the skin for low volume blood collection

metabolic

involving the chemical processes the body uses to convert food into energy and maintain life

microcollection tube/container

small plastic tube used to collect blood as it beads on the skin

microhematocrit tube

thin glass or plastic tube that draws blood through capillary action

neonate

newborn less than four weeks old

newborn screening NBS

series of tests performed on newborns to detect metabolic, genetic, and endocrine disorders

osteomyelitis

inflammation of the bone usually caused by infection

plantar surface

part of the bottom of the foot that contacts the ground when standing or walking

point of care testing POCT

medical diagnostic testing performed at or near the pt to provide rapid results

vasoconstriction

the narrowing of blood vessels

aerobic

with o2

aliquot

to separate a portion of a larger sample for testing

anaerobic

without o2

bacteremia

presence of bacteria in the bloodstreamb

blood alcohol concentration - BAC

amount of alcohol (ethanol) in the bloodstream