Object Orientated Languages

Objects

• An object is a thing in a program that has data (attributes) and functions (methods).

• Objects represent real-world items and keep their data and behavior together.

Classes

• A class is a blueprint or template for creating objects.

• It defines the attributes (data) and methods (functions) that all objects of that class will have.

Encapsulation

• Encapsulation is the practice of keeping an object’s data (attributes) and methods together in a single unit.

• It protects the data by controlling access, usually using public or private methods.

• Helps make programs more secure, modular, and easier to maintain

Abstraction

• Abstraction means hiding the unnecessary details of an object and showing only what is important.

• It lets programmers focus on what an object does, not how it does it.

Inheritance

• Inheritance allows a class to use properties and methods of another class.

• Helps reuse code and create hierarchies of classes.

Polymorphism

• Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be used in the same way through shared methods or interfaces.

• It helps make programs flexible and extendable.