CHM2211 Lab Final

Where should you dispose of broken glass?

Specified waste container

Godzilla on top of balance where crude aspirin was weighed. Why is he there?

Clean up the crude product that was left on the scale.

Where should you dispose of waste organic chemicals?

In the designated bin in the back of the lab as designated by the directions on the whiteboard.

What are substances that relieve pain called?

Analgesics

What are substances that reduce fever called?

Antipyretics

Mechanism name for acetylation reaction in aspiring laboratory is called "acid catalyzed nucleophilic subsitution." What is the nucleophile in the aspirin laboratory?

Salicylic Acid

What is the electrophile in the aspirin laboratory?

Acetic Anhydride

What laboratory technique was used to isolate solid aspirin?

Vacuum filtration

What laboratory technique was used to purify crude solid aspirin?

Recrystallization

What laboratory technique is used to determine the purity of solid aspirin?

Melting Point

What reagent was used to test for the presence of salicyclic acid in the aspirin product formed?

Ferric Chloride

What is the limiting reactant in the aspirin lab?

t-pentyl alchol

Mechanism for t-pentyl chloride

SN1

What is the name of the first step of the t-pentyl chloride mechanism?

Protonation step

What is the name given to the reaction intermediate seen in t-pentyl chloride lab?

Carbocation

Side product in t-pentyl chloride lab?

2-methyl-2-butene

In the crude t-pentyl chloride work up, why was NaHCO3 solution used?

To eliminate excess HCl

In the crude t-pentyl chloride lab, what was the anhydrous CaCl2 used for?

Drying agent

Give the name of three purification skills used to isolate and purify the crude t-pentyl chloride

Simple Distillation, Wash, Drying

In the paper chromatography experiment, what are the mixtures that are analyzed?

Food dyes

In the thin layer chromatography experiment, what substances are analyzed?

Amino acids

In the thin layer chromatography experiment, why should you avoid ninhydrin spray on your skin?

Turns skin purple

In the yellow paper chromatography experiment, what was the number for the yellow dye that was found in green food color?

Yellow 5

In the paper chromatography experiment which red dye had the highest Rf value?

Red 3

In the paper chromatography experiment which yellow dye had the lowest Rf value?

Yellow 5

What is the number of components that was found in yellow food color?

Two

In the thin layer chromatography experiment, which amino acid had the highest Rf value?

Phenylalanine

In the thin layer chromatography experiment, why was ninhydrin spray used?

Amino acids are colorlesss; lets you see them

In the thin layer chromatography experiment, what color did the amino acids turn when sprayed with the developing solution?

Purple

Name main organic and inorganic product formed in laboratory 22 (methylcyclohexene)

4-methylcyclohexene and H20

What labe techique is used to isolate crude product in lab 22 (methylcyclohexene)?

Simple distillation

What is the limiting reactant in lab 22 (methylcyclohexene)?

4-methylcyclopentanol

In soap laboratory, the two reactants used to prepare soap are:

lard and NaOH

In soap laboratory, what sovlent is used to increase the solubility of organic reactants?

95% ethanol

How many groups are in a triglyceride?

Triester - 3 ester groups

Explain meaning of saturation

All single C-C bonds (solid at room temp)

Explain meaning of unsaturation

Contains 1 or more C=C bond (liquid at room temp)

he common name given to oversall conversion of a triglyceride into soap is called:

Saponification

Best cleaning soap:

C17H35COONa

What are two disadvantages of soap?

Turns to curd in hard water and turns to free acid in acidic conditions

What is the nucleophile in step one of converting a triglyceride into a soap?

NaOH

What is an important advantage to the environment of using soaps?

Biodegradable

What happens to foam level when mix in CaCl2?

Lowered

A cluster ball of grease, dirt, and soap molecules is called:

Micelle

Give one reason why the refluxing technique is used in organic synthesis

Prevents evaporation of the solvent

What is the name of the electrophile generated from sodium nitrate and hydrochloric acid during the first step where the diazonium salt is made?

Nitroso ion (NO+)

What was the limiting reactant for step one where the diazonium salt is made?

Sulfanilic acid

What book gives information about different dyestuffs such as preparation?

Color index

What type of fabric did methyl orange dye the best?

wool (organic)

What is the new laboratory technique used to isolate crude natural product in lab 13 (eugenol)

steam distillation

What organic sovlent is used to extract the eugenol away from the water in lab 13 (eugenol)?

Methylene chloride (CH2Cl2)

Another more technical name for eugenol where it named as a phenol is:

4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol

How was the crude eugenol isolated from the cloves?

Steam distillation

How was the methylene solvent remove from the dried solution?

Rotary evaporator

A constant composition mixture of eugenol and water that boils at 99.8 C is called:

Azeotrope

In lab 12 Esterification what are the reactants used?

Acetic acid and isopentyl alcohol

In lab 12 esterification what is the limiting reagent?

Isopentyl alcohol

Calculate vapor pressure of heptane

760-343.8 = 416.2 mm Hg

Calculate weight of Heptane codistilled with each gram of water

100.2 x 416.2 / 18 x 343.8 = 6.74g Heptane

Calculate the percentage composition of the vapor produced during steam distillation:

6.74+ 1 = 7.74 ---> 6.74 / 7.74 x 100% = 87% C7H16

100-77 = 13% H20

If 850g of azeotrope is collected, calculate the grams of heptane and water in 850g mixture

850 x 87 / 100 = 739.5 g C7H14

850 - 739.5 = 110.5g H20

The reaction for preparing isopentyl acetate involves an equilibrium of two opposing reactions. What is the reverse reaction in the above equillibrium called?

Hydrolysis

The reaction for preparing isopentyl acetate involves an equilibrium of two opposing reactions. List two waysto drive the equillibrium to the right

Removing water and adding reactant

What is the nucleophile in the mechanism of lab 12 (isopentyl acetate)?

Isopentyl alcohol

In the IR spectrum of isopentyl acetate, the two strong abosrances at 1705cm and 1210cm are due to _____ stretch and _____ strecth

C-O and C=O

How is the excess acid completly removed from the crude ester that is isolated in lab 12 (isopentyl acetate) prior to the drying step?

NaHCO3 added to neutralize

What is the basic catalyst used in lab 32A (Benzoin)

Thiamine

What reactants are used in lab 32A (Benzoin)?

Benzaldehyde

What solvent was used in the preparatio of benzoin?

45% ethyl alcohol

How many synthetic steps are require dto make 1,2,3,4-tetraphenylcyclopentadienone

3

In step one, the Benzoin Condensation Reaction, ___ moles of benzaldehyde combine to make ____ moles of benzoin

2 and 1

The catalytic nucleophile in the Benzoin Condensation Reaction is the:

Thiamine

In the conversion of the benzaldehyde to benzoin, the catalytic nucleophhile attacks what functional group?

Ylide

Why is an amino acid considered as difunctional molecule?

Both amino and carboxylic acid

Smaller polyamides that have elss than 50 amide links are called

polypeptides

Give an example of an inorganic cofactor:

Mg2+

Given an example of an organic cofactor

Vitamin C

What IR functional group stretch is absent in the starting of aldehyde but present in the benzoin product?

-OH

What ned IR technique was used in tetraphenyl lab?

ATR

What is the excess reactant used in benzil lab?

HNO3

How is the crude benzil isolated?

Vacuum filtration

What IR functional group stretch is present in the starting benzoin but absent in the benzil product?

-OH

What was the limiting reactant in the preparation of benzil?

Benzoin

What hcemical was the brownish gas formed in the benzil lab?

NO2

What chemical in the gas trap was used to neutralize the acidic nitrogen oxides forme dduring the preparation of benzil?

NaOH

How was benzil purified?

Recrystallization

Oxidizing agent in redox reaction for benzil:

HNO3

Reducing agent in redox reaction for benzil:

C14H12O2

Organic redox reaction reducing agent:

Sn

Organic redox reaction oxidizing agent:

C6H5O2N

Draw or name the reactant used to polymerize the styrene in step two?

Benzoyl peroxide

What type of reaction mechnaism is involved in the formation of polysytrene?

Free radical addition

What are the two main reactions to prepare polymers?

Acid catalyzed dehydration and free radical addition

In the first step of preparing a polystyrene, dehydration of 1-phenylethanol, what is the reaction intermediate formed in the rate determining step?

A secondary carbocation

In the first step of preparing a polystyrene, dehydration of 1-phenylethanol, what is the leaving group?

Water

In the second step of preparing polysytrene, styrene polymerized by a free radical mechanism. What are the three steps?

1. Induction

2. Propagation

3. Termination

What is the name of he test used to detect aliphatic aldehydes?

Benedicts test

What is the name of the rest used to detect methyl ketones?

Iodoform Test

What is the required safety equipment and clothing for working in the lab?

Lab coat to knees, safety goggles, long pants or skits, and close toed shoes

What is written in the first part of your prelab for a preparative experiment?

The chemical equation of the reaction