Computer History and Fundamentals (Arora Educator)

This set of fill-in-the-blank flashcards covers the historical evolution of computing devices, hardware layouts, and the key figures who founded the modern computing era.

The word "Computer" originates from the Latin word __________.

Computare

__________ was the first calculating device used for basic arithmetic operations.

Abacus

John Napier invented __________ to perform multiplication and division.

Napier’s Bones

The __________, a mechanical calculator for addition and subtraction, was invented by Blaise Pascal.

Pascaline

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz improved the mechanical calculator and introduced the __________ system.

binary

The __________ was designed by Charles Babbage to calculate mathematical tables.

Difference Engine

Proposed by Charles Babbage, the __________ is considered the first concept of the modern computer.

Analytical Engine

__________ wrote the first computer algorithm and is recognized as the first programmer.

Ada Lovelace

The Abacus was originally invented in __________.

China

William Oughtred invented the __________, a tool used before electronic calculators.

Slide Rule

Charles Babbage is widely known and referred to as the __________.

Father of Computer

The first electro-mechanical computer was known as Mark __________.

$$I$$

Mark $I$ was developed by __________.

Howard Aiken

The first electronic computer, known as ENIAC, was developed in the year __________.

$$1946$$

ENIAC is an acronym for Electronic __________ Integrator and Computer.

Numerical

The computer that utilized the stored program concept is known as __________.

EDVAC

EDVAC stands for Electronic __________ Variable Automatic Computer.

Discrete

The stored program architecture was proposed by __________.

John von Neumann

The first commercial computer was named __________.

UNIVAC

UNIVAC is an acronym for __________ Automatic Computer.

Universal

IBM introduced the personal computer (PC) in the year __________.

$$1981$$

The computer mouse was developed in the year __________.

$$1964$$

The inventor of the computer mouse was __________.

Douglas Engelbart

The __________ layout for keyboards was designed in $1873$.

QWERTY

The QWERTY keyboard layout was created by __________.

Christopher Latham Sholes

Caps Lock, Num Lock, and Scroll Lock are specific examples of __________ keys.

Toggle

Shift, Ctrl, and Alt are known as __________ keys because they are used in combination with other keys.

Modifier

Alan Turing is considered the Father of Modern __________ Science.

Computer

The World Wide Web (WWW) was invented by __________.

Tim Berners-Lee

__________ co-founded Microsoft and developed the Windows operating system.

Bill Gates

Steve Jobs co-founded Apple and helped popularize personal computers and the __________.

GUI

__________ developed the first compiler and made significant contributions to COBOL.

Grace Hopper

The Father of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is __________.

John McCarthy

Vint Cerf is known as the Father of Internet due to the development of the __________ protocol.

TCP/IP

Jack Kilby and __________ are the co-inventors of the Integrated Circuit (IC).

Robert Noyce

The punch card system for data processing was invented by __________.

Herman Hollerith

The ENIAC computer was co-developed by John Mauchly and __________.

J. Presper Eckert

The C programming language was created by __________.

Dennis Ritchie