Characteristics of Living Organisms Flashcards

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Flashcards on Characteristics of Living Organisms

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25 Terms

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MRS C GREN

Acronym for the characteristics of living organisms: Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Control, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition.

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Nutrition

The process by which organisms obtain food to provide energy for life processes.

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Autotrophic

Organisms, like plants, that create their own food for energy through photosynthesis.

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Heterotrophic

Organisms, like animals, that consume other living organisms to obtain energy.

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Respiration

A chemical reaction in all living organisms where energy is released from glucose. Can be aerobic or anaerobic.

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Excretion

The removal of toxic materials and waste substances from organisms produced by metabolic reactions.

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Sensitivity

An organism's ability to detect and respond to stimuli in its surroundings.

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Geotropism

A plant's response to gravity, causing roots to grow down into the soil.

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Phototropism

A plant's response to light, causing shoots to grow towards sunlight.

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Movement

An action by an organism causing a change of position or place; locomotion is movement from place to place.

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Homeostasis

The control of an organism's internal environment to maintain stable conditions.

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Thermoregulation

The control of body temperature in organisms.

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Reproduction

The process that leads to the production of more of the same kind of organism. Can be sexual or asexual.

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Sexual Reproduction

Reproduction involving the fusion of male and female gametes, resulting in offspring with DNA from both parents.

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Asexual Reproduction

Reproduction involving only one parent, producing an exact clone of the parent.

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Growth

Defined as a permanent increase in size. Which can occur throughout an organisms life.

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Eukaryotic Organisms

Organisms whose cells contain a nucleus with a distinct membrane; includes animals, plants, fungi, and protoctists.

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Prokaryotic Organisms

Single-celled organisms that do not contain a nucleus; the nuclear material is found in the cytoplasm.

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Animals

Multicellular eukaryotes without cell walls or chloroplasts that feed on organic substances and usually have nervous coordination.

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Plants

Multicellular eukaryotes with cellulose cell walls and chloroplasts that feed by photosynthesis and store carbohydrates as starch or sucrose.

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Fungi

Usually multicellular eukaryotes with chitinous cell walls that feed by secreting extracellular digestive enzymes and absorbing digested molecules.

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Protoctists

A diverse kingdom of mainly microscopic, single-celled eukaryotic organisms that don't fit into other eukaryotic kingdoms.

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Prokaryotes

Single-celled organisms with no nucleus, where the nuclear material is found in the cytoplasm.

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Pathogen

Any microorganism that causes disease in another organism, including bacteria, fungi, protoctists, and viruses.

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Viruses

Small, parasitic particles with no cellular structure that can only reproduce inside living cells.