Guide to UNIX Using Linux 4th Ed

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121 Terms

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Pipe Operator

A symbol (|) used in UNIX/Linux commands to redirect the output of one command as input to another command.

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Grep Command

A command used in UNIX/Linux to search for a specified pattern in a file and display the lines containing the pattern.

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Uniq Command

A command used in UNIX/Linux to remove duplicate lines from a file.

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Comm Command

A command used in UNIX/Linux to compare two files.

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Diff Command

A command used in UNIX/Linux to compare and select the differences between two files.

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Wc Command

A command used in UNIX/Linux to count words, characters, and lines in a file.

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Sed Command

A command used in UNIX/Linux for stream editing.

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Tr Command

A command used in UNIX/Linux to translate and delete characters.

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Pr Command

A command used in UNIX/Linux to format and print text.

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Awk Command

A command used in UNIX/Linux to invoke Awk, a processing and pattern-scanning language.

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UNIX/Linux systems

Operating systems that offer a combination of grep-type commands like grep, egrep, fgrep, and zgrep.

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grep

Command used to search for patterns in files.

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egrep

Command used for "extended" or more complex expressions, also executed as grep -E.

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fgrep

Command used to search for fixed or text strings only, also executed as grep -F on most systems.

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zgrep

Command used to perform searches on compressed or zipped files.

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uniq command

Command that removes duplicate lines from a file, requiring sorted input.

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Syntax

The structure or format in which a command is written.

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-u option

Outputs only the lines of the source file that are not duplicated.

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-d option

Outputs one copy of each line that has a duplicate and does not show unique lines.

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-i option

Ignores case sensitivity.

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-c option

Starts each line by showing the number of each instance.

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comm command

Command that identifies duplicate lines in two files without deleting them.

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diff command

Command that shows lines that differ between two files.

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wc command

Command used to count the number of lines, words, and bytes in text files.

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Sed

A stream editor used for making global changes on one or more files, with options like deleting lines, printing lines, substituting text, and appending text.

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Tr Command

A command that translates characters by copying data from standard input to standard output, substituting or deleting characters specified by options and patterns.

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Pr Command

A command that prints specified files in paginated form on standard output, with options for customizing headers, double-spacing output, and setting the number of lines per page.

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Logical Structures

Files consist of records, and records consist of fields, representing logical entities like a payroll file, an employee pay record, or a field for an employee Social Security number.

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Record Design

The organization of information into files, records, and fields, influencing the efficiency and effectiveness of data handling commands like selection, manipulation, and transformation.

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Shell scripts

Scripts used to automate tasks in an application and can be run using alternate methods.

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Record layout

Identifies each field in a record by name and data type, such as numeric or nonnumeric, to store relevant information.

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Programmer Activity Status Report

A report that summarizes the activities of programmers and projects.

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Field separator

Character used to separate fields in a record, such as a colon (:).

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Numeric field

A field in a record that contains numerical data, preferred for uniquely identifying records due to faster interpretation by computers.

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Project status codes

Numeric codes (1=Unscheduled, 2=Started, 3=Completed, 4=Canceled) used to indicate the status of a project.

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Key field

A common field shared by linked files used to join files together.

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Flat files

Files that store data in plain text format and can be easily created and manipulated using text editors like vi and Emacs.

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Variable-record format

File format where records have varying lengths, with a delimiter (such as a colon) between each field.

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Flowchart

A visual representation of the logic and steps involved in programmer project assignments, illustrating the flow of data between files.

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Awk

A programming language and command used for text processing and generating reports in Unix and Linux environments.

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printf function

A function in Awk used for formatted printing, allowing for precise control over the output format.

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format

An expression in the printf function that contains literal text and specifications for formatting data fields.

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$expr1, $expr2, $expr3

Represent data fields in Awk, typically referring to $1, $2, $3, and so on in the programmer file.

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Hands-on Project

Practical exercises that allow for hands-on learning and application of concepts discussed in the text.

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Shell Script

A script containing a series of commands that can be executed in a specific order, often used to automate tasks in Unix and Linux systems.

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Bourne Again Shell (Bash)

A widely used shell in Linux systems, providing compatibility with the original Bourne shell and additional features.

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Comments

Text in a script file that provides explanations, documentation, and notes for users and programmers, marked by the pound (#) character.

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Script Execution

Running a shell script in a shell environment, such as using the sh command followed by the script name or making the script executable and running it with ./scriptname.

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Shell

The first line of a script where commands are executed.

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Shell Script

A script containing commands to be executed in a shell.

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Hands-on Project

Practical tasks to apply and practice the concepts learned.

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Programmer Activity Status Report

A report detailing the activities of a programmer.

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Selection Commands

Commands that extract information from files.

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Manipulation and Transformation Commands

Commands that alter and format extracted information.

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Grep Command

Searches for a specific pattern in a file.

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Uniq Command

Removes duplicate lines from a file.

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Comm Command

Compares lines common to two different files.

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Diff Command

Determines the minimum set of changes needed to match the contents of two files.

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Wc Command

Counts the number of bytes, words, or lines in a file.

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Sed Command

A stream editor for making global changes to large files.

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Tr Command

Translates characters, substituting or deleting specified characters.

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Pr Command

Prints the standard output in pages.

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Record Layout

Identifies fields by name and data type in a record.

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Logical Structure

Organization of information in files, records, and fields.

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Pipe Operator (|)

Redirects the output of one command to the input of another.

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Comm Command

A command used to compare two sorted files line by line.

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Grep Command

A command used to search for patterns in files.

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-r Option

An option in the grep command that enables searching through subdirectories.

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Uniq Command

A command used to remove duplicate lines from a sorted file.

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Pipe Operator

A symbol (|) used to direct the output of one command as input to another.

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Awk Command

A command-line utility for pattern scanning and processing.

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Tr Command

A command used for translating or deleting characters.

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Pr Command

A command used to paginate or columnate files for printing.

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Grep Command

A command-line utility for searching plain-text data sets for lines that match a regular expression.

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More Command

A command that allows the user to view text files one screen at a time in the Unix/Linux operating system.

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Head Command

A command that outputs the first part of files in Unix/Linux.

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Regular Expression

A sequence of characters that define a search pattern, mainly used for pattern matching with strings.

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Metacharacter

A character with a special meaning in a regular expression, such as "^" which signifies the beginning of a line.

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Pipe Operator

A symbol (|) used to pass the output of one command as input to another command in Unix/Linux.

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Uniq Command

A command-line utility that reports or filters out repeated lines in a file.

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Comm Command

A command-line utility in Unix/Linux used to compare two sorted files line by line.

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diff

A command-line tool used to compare the contents of two files line by line.

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UNIX/Linux

Operating systems known for their powerful command-line interface and stability.

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wc command

A command-line tool used to count the number of lines, words, and bytes in a file.

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sed

A stream editor used to manipulate text files by performing operations like search, replace, and delete on specific lines.

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tr command

A command used to translate characters in files, such as converting from lowercase to uppercase letters, deleting specified characters, and replacing characters.

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-d option

An option used with the tr command to delete input characters found in string1 from the output.

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-s option

An option of the tr command that checks for sequences of a character or string of characters repeated several consecutive times and replaces them with the specified character or string.

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pr command

A command used to format files, with options like -h for header and -l for limiting the number of lines per page.

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Programmer Activity Status Report

A polished report created through a series of related projects to design and implement various programmer and project reports.

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awk command

A command used to manipulate and analyze text files, often used for pattern scanning and processing.

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cut command

A command used to extract specific parts of a file, such as fields or columns.

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more command

A command used to display the contents of a file one screen at a time.

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Awk

A versatile programming language mainly used for pattern scanning and processing.

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Cut

A command-line utility used to extract sections from each line of input.

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Sort

A command-line utility for sorting lines of text files.

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Uniq

A command-line utility that reports or filters out repeated lines in a file.

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Comm

A command-line utility for comparing two sorted files line by line.

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Join

A command-line utility for combining lines from two files based on a common field.

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Sed

A stream editor for filtering and transforming text.