NAZI BOOK FOUR: Changing Nazi Foreign Policy and The Second World War 1933-1945

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151 Terms

1
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what were hitler's aims for foreign policy in regards to the ToV?

  • remove the arms restrictions of the ToV (rearmament ect.)

2
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what were hitler's aims for foreign policy in regards to his perceptions of GB/USA?

Conflict with GB/USA whom hitler despised as racially mongolised and degenerate

3
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what were hitler's aims for foreign policy in regards to Russia and why?

conquer it for lebensraum

4
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what were hitler's aims for foreign policy in regards to eastern europe?

take it over

5
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what were hitler's aims for foreign policy in regards to france and britain?

  • destroy france

  • not britain who hitler hoped would be germany’s ally

6
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Who was involved in the treaty of Rapallo 1922?

Germany and the USSR

7
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What was the Treaty of Rapallo 1922?

re-established diplomatic relations

8
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Why was the Treaty of Rapallo 1922 important?

it came at a time when both germany and USSR were outcasts from the wider international community

9
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Who was the treaty of locarno 1925 an agreement between?

  • germany

  • france

  • belgium

10
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What did the treaty of locarno 1925 establish?

  • germany formally accepted its western borders

  • enable germany to be admitted to the League of Nations

11
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When did Germany become part of the league of nations?

1926

12
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Who was involved in the treaty of berlin 1926?

germany and the USSR

13
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What is another name for the treaty of berlin 1926?

German-Soviet neutrality and nonaggression pact of April 1926

14
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What did the treaty of berlin 1926 outline?

neutrality in the event of an attack on the other by a third party for the next 5 years (reaffirmed the treaty of rapallo)

15
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Who signed the Kellog-briand pact 1928?

signed by many nations including US, France, and Germany

16
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What was the kellog-briand pact 1928?

international agreement no to use War to solve disputes of any kind between nations

17
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What was the young plan 1929?

financial stability package give by US which lightened reparation payments on Germany

18
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Why did the young plan 1929 collapse?

following the wall street crash leading to economic crisis in germany

19
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Who was present at the lausanne conference 1932?

representative from GB, Germany, and France

20
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What did the lausanne conference 1932 result in?

agreement to suspend WW1 reparations payments imposed on the defeated countries by the ToV

21
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What did Hitler do immediately after coming to power in 1933?

start a rearmament drive although it did not become really effective until 1934-1935

22
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What did Hitler attend in october 1933 and what did he do?

the Disarmament Conference along with the Allies - withdrew from the conference and out of the LoN (giving himself more freedom)

23
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Was there a plan to withdraw from the LoN at the disarmament conference in october 1933?

No - this was Hitler's own initiative but had Ribbentrop's support

24
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What did Hitler make in 1934?

A non-agression pact with poland - polish corridor had been a long standing disagreement between the nations

25
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What hapened in june 1934?

German interference in Austria was stopped by Mussolini

26
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What did Hitler announce in 1935? [2]

  • Germany would have an airforce

  • conscription

27
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How did the head of armed forced feel about Hitler going against ToV with conscription and a new airforce and what impact did this have on the public's image of hitler?

  • disagreed with the speed and scale of the change

  • every time they disagreed, Hitler was proven right.

  • He looks infalable which meant public perceptions of Hitler were incredibly positive.

28
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What agreement was made in 1935?

the Anglo-German Naval agreement

29
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What did the Anglo-German naval do and what did this tell Hitler?

  • gave Germany 35% of Britain's naval strength

  • Britain breaks ToV (doesn't even tell France)

  • Hitler now understands Britain doesn't care about ToV

30
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What happened in april 1936?

  • The Reoccupation of the Rhineland

  • Hitler's first really aggressive move against army advice

31
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Why did France do nothing after Germany reoccupied the Rhineland - in regards to britain?

Britain refused to support france

32
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Why did France do nothing after Germany reoccupied the Rhineland - in regards to hitler’s clever diplomacy?

  • accused france of aggression

  • offered to return to LoN

  • said the Rhineland was German anyway

33
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Why did France do nothing after Germany reoccupied the Rhineland - in regards to france’s political situation?

france was badly divided politically and in the middle of a very divisive general election

34
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Why did France do nothing after Germany reoccupied the Rhineland - in regards to france’s strategy?

their strategy was defensive by this point - maginot line

35
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What did germany intervene in in 1936 and how?

the spanish civil war - bombing of Guernica by the Condor Squadron

36
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Why did hitler bomb Guernica and what impact did this bombing have?

  • did this to help facism

  • as a result this bombing was in the back of people's minds which is why britain anticipate the blitz.

37
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What was hitler generally doing in 1936-1937 in terms of his foreign policy?

  • tried for a british link but began to see britain as weak and decadent

  • began to turn to a pro-japanese and pro-italian policy

38
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What pact was made in nov 1936 and by who?

Anti-comintem pact by Germany and Japan, joined by Italy in Nov. 1937

39
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What did the anti-comintem pact do?

  • set up against the expansion of communism

  • Comintem = USSR set up to spread communism - world revolution

40
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What was written in Nov 1937 and what is significant about this time?

The Hossbach Memorandum - 1 year into 4 year plan

41
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Who was the Hossbach memo delivered to?

a private speech to the leaders of the 3 branches of the German Armed forces

42
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What did the Hossbach memo say and what did it stress? [3]

  • laid down large scale rearmament

  • declared hitler's determination to take czechoslovakia and Austria by 1943

Stressed:

  • racial hegemony

  • lebensraum

  • autarky

43
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What happened in 1938?

The purge of the conservatives

44
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Who was purged in the purge of the conservatives?

  • Minister of War - Blomberg (sacked for marrying a former prostitue - Pretty Woman)

  • Commander in chief of the Army - Fritsch (gay - not true)

  • Chief of the General Staff - Ludwig Beck

45
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What did Ludwig Beck do?

proposed a coup among his fellow officers - if bomb plot had succeeded, beck would become pres.

46
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[Austria] What Agreement recognised the independence of Austria but what were it’s conditions?

  • German-Austria Agreement of 1936

  • Austria's foreign policy had to be consistent with Germany's

  • allowed Nazis to hold official posts in Austria

47
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[Austria] Who became the Austrian Chancellor after the murder of Dolfuss?

Schuschnigg

48
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[Austria] Schuschnigg's position was undermined in 1936 when Hitler and Mussolini formalised what and why was this significant?

  • The Rome-Berlin Axis during their joint involvement in the Spanish Civil War

  • Austria had lost the protection of Italy and was vulnerable to German attack

49
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[Austria] What Nazi was made Minister of the Interior in 1938?

Seyss-Inquart

50
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[Austria] What did Schuschnigg announce on the 9th March 1938?

a referendum whereby Austrian people would decide for themselves if they wanted to be a part of Hitler's Germany

51
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[Austria] What did Hitler do on the 10th March 1938?

Ordered Schuschnigg to call off the referendum

52
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[Austria] What was Schschnigg's response to Hitler's order to call off the referendum?

Schuschnigg conceded and called it off and resigned

53
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[Austria] Why did Schschnigg call off the referendum?

Knew he would receive no help from Italy and that France and Britain would not interfere in Hitler's plans

54
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[Austria] What happened on the 12th March 1938?

German troops marched into Austria unopposed. Hitler now had control of Austria

55
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[Austria] What was the benefits of the Anschluss with Austria for Germany? [3]

Hitler now had added:

  • an army of 100,000 to his reich

  • 7 million people to his reich

  • useful resources such as steel, iron ore, and Austria's foreign exchange reserves

56
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When was the Munich Crisis?

September 1938

57
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[The Munich Crisis] What was Hitler suddenly determined on?

A blitzkreig war against Czechoslovakia in October

58
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[The Munich Crisis] How did Hitler justify adding Czechoslovakia to the Reich?

They were German speaking so could be justifiably be added to the Reich under the policy of Pan-Germanism

59
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[The Munich Crisis] What happened on the 15th September at Berchtesgaden?

Hitler said this was his last territorial claim in Europe. Neville Chamberlain agreed. Czechoslovakia was forced by Britain and France to agree

60
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[The Munich Crisis] What did Hitler say on the 22nd September at Bad Godesberg?

he wanted to seize the Sudetenland at once by occupation

61
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[The Munich Crisis] What did Britain promise to do as a result of Hitler's claims over the sudetenland?

help france defend czechoslovakia and mobilised the armed forces

62
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[The Munich Crisis] What did the German army do as a result of Britain mobilising their forces?

the german army and navy, supported by Goring, warned Hitler they could not win against Czechoslovakia, Britain, and France all at once.

63
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[The Munich Crisis] What happened on the 29th september in Munich?

Chamberlain agreed to let German troops enter the Sudetenland on October 1st in a staged occupation

64
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[The Munich Crisis] In return for Chamberlain agreeing to let German troops enter the Sudetenland what did Hitler promise in writing?

to make no more claims

65
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[The Munich Crisis] What was Hitler secretly determined to do and why?

  • eliminate Czechoslovakia and break his promise to Chamberlain

  • convinced that Britain would continue to back down.

  • He had an intense personal hatred of Czechoslovakia

66
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When was the invasion of Czechoslovakia?

March 1939

67
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[Invasion of Czechoslovakia] Who else turned on Czechoslovakia?

Poland and Hungary

68
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[Invasion of Czechoslovakia] Who was appointed to run Bohemia and Moravia?

Reinhard Heydrich

69
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[Invasion of Czechoslovakia] Hitler had to avoid a two-front war at all costs. Why?

  • Germany could only fight a short, few-weeks war against only one country.

  • Britain and France were in an increasingly improved military position in 1939, catching up quickly on Germany

70
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[Invasion of Czechoslovakia] Hitler wanted to scare off Britain and France by linking up with Russia. How did he do this?

Nazi-Soviet Non-Agression Pact

71
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[Nazi-Soviet Non-Agression Pact] When was it?

23rd August 1939

72
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[Nazi-Soviet Non-Agression Pact] There had never been any love lost between the two states and the agreement shocked the world as it appeared so unlikely. Why did it suit Hitler to make the deal?

He wanted Poland without the fear of Russian intervention

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[Nazi-Soviet Non-Agression Pact] There had never been any love lost between the two states and the agreement shocked the world as it appeared so unlikely. Why did it suit Stalin to make the deal? [3]

  • bought him time for rearmament

  • hoped it would divert Hitler towards a war with Britain and France

  • gained the eastern half of Poland

74
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[Invasion of Poland] What did Hitler offer Neville Chamberlain on the 25th August 1939?

a deal with Britain to have a free hand in the Empire and Germany to have Eastern Europe

75
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[Invasion of Poland] Why did Hitler offer a deal with Britain to have a free hand in the Empire?

to ensure Britain's non-participation

76
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[Invasion of Poland] What was Chamberlain's response to Hitler's offer for Britain to have a free hand in the Empire?

refused

77
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[Invasion of Poland] What was the result of Chamberlain's refusal of Hitler's offer for Britain to have a free hand in the Empire?

Hitler delayed the invasion of Poland in order to win over Neville Chamberlain

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[Invasion of Poland] What happened on the 31st August?

The Gleizwitz incident

79
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[Invasion of Poland - The Gleizwitx Incident] What was it?

SS troops dressed as Polish soldiers to 'attack' the German border radio post

80
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[Invasion of Poland - The Gleizwitx Incident] What did the SS troops leave behind to stage the 'polish soldiers' defeat?

dead concentration camp prisoners in Polish uniforms

81
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[Invasion of Poland - The Gleizwitx Incident] Why was this tactic used?

used to justify war against Poland

82
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[Invasion of Poland] When did Hitler invade poland?

1st September 1939

83
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[Invasion of Poland] What did he claim in order to justify the invasion?

he was acting to protect the German minotiry that were being persecuting in Danzig and other cities

84
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[Invasion of Poland] How long was Hitler given to withdraw his forces by GB and France?

48 hours

85
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[Invasion of Poland] What was Hitler's response to the 48 hour time limit and what was the result?

he refused - GB and France declared war

86
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[Invasion of Poland] When did GB and France declare war on Germany?

3rd September 1939

87
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[Invasion of Poland] As per a secret clause of the Nazi-Soviet pact, what did Russia do on the 17th September?

invaded poland from the east

88
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[Invasion of Poland] the invasion and occupation of the polish state had taken how long?

4 weeks

89
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Denmark was caught completely by surprise by Germany's invasion and surrendered after how long?

24 hours

90
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How many german men were lost in the invasion of Denmark?

203

91
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Norway surrendered after how long?

9 weeks

92
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How many german men were lost in the invasion of Norway?

5000

93
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When was France invaded?

10th May 1940

94
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How long until France surrendered?

6 weeks

95
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How many men had the German Empire lost fighting on the Western Front in 1914-18?

5 million

96
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How many men had been lost in the defeat of france [WW2]?

27,000

97
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[Battle of Britain] When was it?

July-September 1940

98
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[Battle of Britain] What was operation sealion?

invasion of Britain

99
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[Battle of Britain] What did Operation Sealion rely on?

the luftwaffe gaining control of the skies and the german navy being able to control the seas

100
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[Battle of Britain] Over the summer of 1940 the luftwaffe began what?

a campaign of targeting Radar stations and airfields in a hope of destroying the RAF's capacity to defend England