2-E Geometry, Measurement, and Data

[shape attributes]

Rectangle

• All angles equal 90°

• Opposite sides have the same length

• A special type of parallelogram

• Opposite sides are parallel

[shape attributes]

Square

• All angles equal 90°

• All sides have the same length

• A special type of parallelogram

• A special type of rectangle

• Opposite sides are parallel

[shape attributes]

Circle

• Diameter goes through the center of the circle to the edge of the circle

• Radius starts at the center of the circle and ends on the edge of the circle

• The radius is half the length of the diameter.

[shape attributes]

Cube

• All sides of a cube are squares

• All sides have the same length

• All angles equal 90°

Standard Conversions

Standard conversions require quite a bit of straight memorization, which is not the purpose of the exam. It is not likely (of course anything is possible) that a question asks for conversions across multiple units, such as cups to gallons.

1 foot = 12 inches

1 yard = 3 feet = 36 inches

1 mile = 5,280 feet = 1760 yards

1 hour = 60 minutes

1 minute = 60 seconds

1 cup = 8 fluid ounces

1 pint = 2 cups

1 quart = 2 pints

1 gallon = 4 quarts

1 pound = 16 ounces

1 ton = 2,000 pounds

[Representing and interpreting data]

Pictograph

Starting at a young age, students are expected to collect, organize, and represent data. Students do this by understanding pictographs, bar graphs, and circle or pie charts.

A pictograph is a graph that uses pictures to represent numerical data. The visual representation of data on a pictograph allows for quick identification of the mode and distribution of the data set. A key is important for a pictograph so that the reader of the graph knows what each picture represents.

[Representing and interpreting data]

Bar graph

A bar graph is typically used to track and compare change over time. The bars in a bar graph can be close together but should not touch. Examples of when a bar graph might be used to display data include:

• Total electric bill for each high school in the county during the month of June

• Number of students enrolled in 7th grade advanced math over the last six years

• Students' favorite sports activities during the school year

A bar graph may be used to compare the same data for more than one set of data on the same display

[Representing and interpreting data]

Circle graph

A circle graph, sometimes called a pie chart, is a visual representation that best shows proportional relationships. The data is presented in percentages and compares parts to a whole. What percent of a budget is used to pay various bills is an example of proportional data that could be displayed in a circle graph.

[Representing and interpreting data]

Venn diagram

Data in a Venn diagram is categorical data, meaning that the data falls into specific categories. Venn diagrams are used to show relationships among sets using overlapping circles to depict relationships. Any relationships that overlap are counted in the region where the circles of the diagram also overlap (Overlapping data is when data falls in more than one category). Venn diagrams are useful for depicting the likelihood of an event occurring and for making comparisons. Data in Venn diagrams is often referred to using the terms union and intersection.

Union

Union, represented by the symbol , is all the data in two or more sets put together.

Intersection

Intersection, represented by the symbol , is only where two or more data sets overlap.