Infection Prevention and Control

Exam 1 NURS 300

WHOs 5 moments of hand hygeine

1. before contact with pt

2. after contact with a pt

3. after contact with pt belongings

4. before aspetic procedure

5. after exposure to bodily fluids

Factors the affect personal hygiene

Mobility, socioeconomic factors, activity level, preference, religion/culture, physical condition

What to look at for a hygiene assessment

Skin, feet, hands, nails, oral cavity, hair, eyes, ears and nose

Hygiene interventions

provide privacy, encourage pt to do what they can, assist when needed, adapt hygiene practices to their abilities (bed bath, tub bath, shower)

Communicable disease

can be passed from one person to another

Chain of infection

Pathogen/infectous agent —> reservoir —> portal of exit —> transmission —> portal of entry —> host

Reservoir

pathogen can grow/multiply here and provide a suitable environment for the pathogen to survive

Vehicle

inanimate object that carries the pathogen (food, water)

Vector

living organism that carries the pathogen (animal, parasite)

HAI (healthcare associated infection)

an infection that comes while being treated in a healthcare setting

Causes of HAI

invasive procedures, multi-drug resistant organisms, antibiotic administration, break in infection prevention precautions

Types of PPE

Gloves, gowns, glasses/face shield, masks (N95 and surgical)

Contact precautions and examples of what causes these precautions

Transmitted through contact

Gloves and gown

MRSA, VRE, C. diff, Scabies

Alone or cohort groups

Droplet precautions and examples of what causes these precautions

Transmitted through large droplets

Surgical mask

Flu and RSV

Alone or cohort groups

Airborne precautions and examples of what causes these precautions

N95 mask

negative air pressure room

Isolation precautions

Covid, tuberculosis, varicella, herpes zoster

Order of PPE

gown, mask, eyewear, gloves

Order of taking off PPE

gloves, gown, eyewear, mask

Standard precautions

no long nails, perform hand hygiene, PPE when needed, wear mask and eyewear for splash risks

Surgical asepsis

kills all microorganisms

antimicrobial

substance that kills or inhibits growth of microbes

Medical asepsis

reduces the number of microorganisms