1. Matter, Changes, Dimensional Analysis, Scientific Notation, Units

six

two conditions for matter

has mass, has volume

list the organization of matter from most basic to most complex

atom, element, compound, mixture

what is a property?

a characteristic defining a substance

when a property of matter is extensive, it depends on…

amount of matter present

when a property of matter is intensive, it is…

independent from amount of matter present

physical changes can be…

observed without changing identity of substance

is a fire extinguisher a physical or chemical change?

physical

what are the four important states of matter?

solid, liquid, gas, and plasma

when matter is in plasma state, its atoms…

lose most of their electrons due to high temperature

when a chemical change occurs, the reactant usually…

turns into another substance

what are reactants?

inputs for chemical reaction

what are products?

result of chemical reaction

what does law of conservation of energy state?

energy is neither created nor destroyed

elements and compounds are both…

pure substances

can elements be diatomic?

yes

compounds are pure substances made of…

two or more different elements

homogeneous mixtures have…

uniform distribution

homogeneous mixtures are also called..

solutions

heterogeneous mixtures have..

non-uniform composition

what are the four ways two separate homogeneous mixtures?

distillation, evaporation, chromatography, and crystallization

heterogeneous mixtures can usually be separated by…

simple filters and manually

groups in periodic tables are…

columns

elements in the same group have…

very similar chemical properties

periods in a periodic table are…

rows

as you progress through each period in periodic table…

chemical and physical properties change somewhat

metals are ____ conductors of heat and electricity

good

what are the three fundamental properties of metals?

malleable, ductile, and tensile strength

what are the five nonmetals that are solid at room temperature?

carbon, phosphorus, selenium, sulfur, and iodine

pure substances cannot be…

separated by physical means

kinetic energy is..

a function of temperature only

list all 6 physical phase changes

melting, evaporation, condensation, vaporization, sublimation, deposition

what is the difference between evaporation and vaporization? give evaporation only

evaporation is surface only

what is sublimation?

when something changes from solid to gas

what is deposition?

when gas becomes solid