Functional Groups and Key Features (Organic Chemistry)

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Vocabulary flashcards covering the major organic functional groups and their defining features from the notes.

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12 Terms

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Alkane

lack of multiple bonds and no heteroatoms

<p>lack of multiple bonds and no heteroatoms</p>
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Alkene

a carbon-carbon double bond

<p>a carbon-carbon double bond</p>
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Alkyne

a carbon-carbon triple bond

<p>a carbon-carbon triple bond</p>
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Aromatics (arenes)

A ring structure with alternating double and single bonds. 6-membered rings most common form

<p>A ring structure with alternating double and single bonds. 6-membered rings most common form</p>
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Alcohol

a single oxygen attached to an R group and a hydrogen

<p>a single oxygen attached to an R group and a hydrogen</p>
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Ether

a single oxygen attached to two R groups (oxygen in middle)

<p>a single oxygen attached to two R groups (oxygen in middle)</p>
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Ketones

a carbonyl group (C=O) with two R groups attached to the carbonyl

carbon.

R cannot = H for this

<p>a carbonyl group (C=O) with two R groups attached to the carbonyl</p><p>carbon.</p><p>R cannot = H for this</p>
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Aldehydes

a carbonyl group (C=O) with one R group attached to the carbonyl

carbon and one hydrogen

<p>a carbonyl group (C=O) with one R group attached to the carbonyl </p><p>carbon and one hydrogen</p>
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Carboxylic acids

a carbonyl group (C=O) with one R group attached to the carbonyl

carbon and one OH group

The OH group is part of the carboxylic acid, NOT a separate alcohol

If you see what you think is an alcohol, check to make sure the group is not an acid

<p>a carbonyl group (C=O) with one R group attached to the carbonyl </p><p>carbon and one OH group </p><p>The OH group is part of the carboxylic acid, NOT a separate alcohol </p><p>If you see what you think is an alcohol, check to make sure the group is not an acid</p>
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Esters

R–COOR: a carbonyl with one R group and one OR group; the OR group is part of the ester, not a separate ether.

<p>R–COOR: a carbonyl with one R group and one OR group; the OR group is part of the ester, not a separate ether.</p>
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Amide

a carbonyl group (C=O) with one R group attached to the carbonyl

carbon and one NR2 group

The NR2 group is part of the amide, NOT a separate amine

If you see what you think is an amine, check to make sure the group is not an amide

<p>a carbonyl group (C=O) with one R group attached to the carbonyl </p><p>carbon and one NR2 group </p><p>The NR2 group is part of the amide, NOT a separate amine </p><p>If you see what you think is an amine, check to make sure the group is not an amide</p>
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Amine

A nitrogen atom attached to R or H groups

<p>A nitrogen atom attached to R or H groups</p>