Nervous System Flashcards

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Flashcards covering the key vocabulary and concepts of the nervous system.

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21 Terms

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Reception

Stimulus is detected by neurons and sense organs (receptors).

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Transmission

Message passes along neurons to CNS.

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Integration

Incoming messages are processed and a response decided by the brain.

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Response

Carried out by effectors (muscles, glands) stimulated by neurons.

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Central Nervous System (CNS)

Brain and spinal cord.

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Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Nerves that carry messages.

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Neuron Impulse

Electrical messages that occur only when a neuron receives a stimulus of sufficient strength (threshold).

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All or Nothing Rule

If the threshold is not met, then nothing happens regarding a nerve impulse.

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Synapse

The region where two neurons come in close contact.

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Synaptic Cleft

The minuscule gap between two neurons at a synapse.

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Neurotransmitters

Chemicals that transmit impulses across the synaptic cleft.

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Cerebrum

Largest part of the brain; controls thinking, intelligence, language, emotions, and memory.

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Cerebellum

Controls muscular coordination and balance; responses are involuntary once learned.

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Medulla Oblongata

Connects spinal cord with brain; controls involuntary actions like breathing, coughing, and sneezing.

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Thalamus

Sorting center for the brain; located below the cerebrum.

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Hypothalamus

Controls homeostasis (temperature, blood pressure).

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Spinal Cord

Located in the neural canal, protected by the vertebrae and cartilage of the spine.

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Grey Matter

Contains cell bodies and no myelin.

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White Matter

Contains axons and myelin.

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Parkinson's Disease

A nervous system disorder caused by the failure to produce dopamine; symptoms include trembling and stiff muscles.

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Reflex Action

An automatic, involuntary, unthinking response to a stimulus.