Honors Exam 2 notes review

individual liberty, property rights, and an end to all aristocracy

What did early American liberals focus on?

Adam Smith

Whose ideas did early American liberals base their economics on?

Thomas Malthus

An English economist who believed that social reforms interfere with supply and demand

Conservatism, liberalism, socialism, and nationalism

What are the four main political groups/movements (isms) of the 19th century?

monarchy, aristocracy, established church, and tradition

What did conservatives during the French Revolution stand for?

Hegel

What predominant thinker was Marx a critic of?

Science and Freedom

What did Marx base his politics on?

German Ideology

book by Karl Marx

Communism

According to Karl Marx, what is the final stage of civilization?

Products of our labor, productive activity, each other, and human nature

What are the four things that Karl Marx believes capitalism alienates us from?

use value and exchange value

Karl Marx says that commodities have both _____ and _____

1874-1936

G.K. Chesterton’s lifespan

G.K. Chesterton

English apologist who was a journalist rather than an academic. He identified himself as a classical Christian.

Nietsche

German professor and writer who believed that reason limits creativity. He abandoned rationality to focus on power and art. He hated Christianity for focusing on compassion and mercy. He believed every individual should chase after personal power.

1925

Year of “Monkey” Trials, a court battle over teaching Darwinism

Rosa Bonhuer

Victorian era realist painter who is known for painting animals.

Gilbert and Sullivan comic operettas

What musical performances were parodies of Victorian society?

Sigmund Freud

Czech thinker who is the father of psychology

Id, superego, and ego

The three parts of personality according to Freud

Id

Instinctual needs such as food, air, water, and sex

Superego

Rules of society which gives bound to what you should do

Ego

The part of you that balances meeting needs and making others happy

They were waiting for the collapse of the Ottoman Empire so that they could get more land.

In the early 1900S, why were Eastern European countries militarizing themselves?

Fear of Germany

What led France and Russia to unite?

Triple Entente

The alliance of France, Russia, and England

Bosnian Crisis in 1908

Russia and Austria agreed to open Dardanelles in exchange for land. The Serbs opposed this, so Germany told Austria to attack Serbia.

Francis Ferdinand

Heir to Austria-Hungary who was assassinated

A student who skipped class to be a terrorist

Who assassinated Francis Ferdinand?

Schlieffen Plan

The German plan to attack France for being an ally of Russia, and then attack Belgium to bring Britain into the war.

America joining the war (Iowa farm boys who had fuel and food)

What turned the tables in the war?

T.S. Eliot

Poet who is an example of low modernism. This is Dr. Noble’s favorite poet.

“The Waste Land”

The most important poem of the modern era, which is written by T.S Eliot

Stalinist communisim

What is Animal Farm about?

Russian Orthodox Church

Who does Moses the raven represent?

Karl Marx

Who does Old Major represent?

The Czar

Who does Jones represent?

State-run media

What does Squealer represent?

Trotsky

Who does Snowball represent?

Stalin

Who does Napoleon represent?

The five “contours” of totalitarianism

Man on White Horse

Subjugation of Legal Order

Atomization of Society

Charade of Mass Democracy

Constant Mobilization

1918-1921

War Communism years

1921-1928

New Economic Policy years (during this, the Russian Communist state took over means of production and conscripted labor)

Communism

Fascism rose from a fear of _______

Disillusionment, Intellectual and religious revolution, vigorous religious activity, and controversies/conflict

What are the four themes that characterize the time after the Enlightenment?

Theological Modernism/Liberalism

This movement held the belief that religion needs to change as culture changes. They believed that talking about miracles is utterly embarrassing

Harry Emerson Fosdick

Theological Modernist who was the most influential pastor in America during his time.

Fundamentalism

A reaction to Theological Modernism which focused on essential Christianity and defended miracles. This movement became militant and defensive.

J Frank Norris

Texan Fundamentalist pastor who murdered somebody. He fit the caricature of fundamentalists.

Aimee Semple

East Coast Fundamentalist preacher who is the second most well-known pastor of her time

1925

Scopes Trial (over the teaching of evolution in schools)

Neo-Evangelicalism

Movement that believed in classical Christianity and chose to interact with the intellectual and social culture around them rather than retreating as Fundamentalists did.

Carl F.H. Henry

The intellectual of the “big three” of Neo-Evangelicalsim

Billy Graham

(1918-1920) the public figure of the “big three” of Neo-Evangelicalism

Harold Ockenga

the statesman of the “big three” of Neo-Evangelicalism