Lab Week 4

Arthropoda General Features

Segmentation, paired jointed appendages, exoskeleton, molting, metamorphosis, reduced coelom, open circulatory system, complete digestive tract, and ventrally located nervous system.

Subphylum Chelicerata

Distinguishing features include a cephalothorax, no antennae, and chelicerae. Ex.) Spiders, horseshoe crabs, scorpions, mites.

Class Arachnida

Distinguishing features include book lungs and spinnerets versus silk glands. Ex.) Spiders.

Subphylum Crustacea

Distinguishing features include two pairs of antennae, one pair of mandibles, two pairs of maxillae, biramous or branched appendages, and being primarily aquatic. Ex.) Crayfish, crabs, lobsters, barnacles.

Class Malacostraca

Distinguishing features include a carapace, chelipeds, swimmerets, and sexual dimorphism. Ex.) Crayfish.

Subphylum Hexapoda

Distinguishing features include a three-part body plan, three pairs of legs on the thorax, and a single pair of antennae. Ex.) Insects, springtails.

Class Insecta

Distinguishing features include being articulated, tracheated, hexapod, and having sexual dimorphism. Ex.) Grasshopper.

The crayfish on the left is what gender?

Male

The crayfish on the right is what gender?

Female

The grasshopper on the left is what gender?

Female

The grasshopper on the right is what gender?

Male

Spider General Body: Head

The anterior region of the spider's body that includes the carapace, ocelli, clypeus, paturon, fang, chelicera, and pedipalp.

Spider General Body: Pedipalp

An appendage near the mouth that is used for sensing and manipulating prey.

Spider General Body: Walking Legs

Four pairs of jointed legs used for locomotion.

Spider General Body: Sternum

The ventral plate on the prosoma where the coxae of the legs attach.

Spider General Body: Carapace

The hard covering of the prosoma that protects the cephalothorax.

Spider General Body: Prosoma

Also called cephalothorax, it is the anterior body region that contains the head and thorax fused together.

Spider General Body: Pedicel

The narrow region between the prosoma and opisthosoma, also called the waist.

Spider General Body: Opisthosoma

Also called abdomen, it is the posterior body region that contains the book lungs and spinnerets.

Spider Head: Ocelli

Simple eyes on the spider's head that detect light and dark.

Spider Head: Clypeus

The area between the eyes and the chelicerae on the spider's head.

Spider Head: Paturon

The basal segment of the chelicera that contains the fang.

Spider Head: Fang

The piercing structure at the end of the chelicera that injects venom.

Spider Head: Chelicera

The appendage that includes the fang and paturon, used for capturing prey and injecting venom.

Spider Walking Leg: Tarsus

The outermost segment of the walking leg that often has claws.

Spider Walking Leg: Metatarsus

The segment of the walking leg just before the tarsus.

Spider Walking Leg: Tibia

The long segment of the walking leg between the metatarsus and patella.

Spider Walking Leg: Patella

The segment of the walking leg between the tibia and femur.

Spider Walking Leg: Femur

The segment of the walking leg between the patella and trochanter.

Spider Walking Leg: Trochanter

The small segment of the walking leg between the femur and coxa.

Spider Walking Leg: Coxa

The basal segment of the walking leg that attaches to the body.

Spider Ventral Prosoma: Labium

The lower lip structure on the ventral surface of the prosoma.

Spider Ventral Prosoma: Sternum

The ventral plate on the prosoma where the coxae of the legs attach.

Spider Ventral Prosoma: Coxae

The basal segments of the legs that attach to the sternum.

Spider Ventral Opisthosoma: Book Lung Slit

The opening on the ventral surface of the opisthosoma where book lungs are located for gas exchange.

Spider Ventral Opisthosoma: Spinnerets

Structures at the posterior end of the opisthosoma that produce silk.

1

Pedipalp

2

Walking Leg

3

Metatarsus

4

Tarsus

5

Tibia

6

Patella

7

Femur

8

Trochanter

9

Coxa

1

Carapace

2

Pedipalp

3

Ocelli

4

Clypeus

5

Paturon

6

Fang

7

Chelicera

1

Tarsus

2

Metatarsus

3

Tibia

4

Patella

5

Pedipalp

6

Claw

7

Trochanter

8

Femur

9

Coxa

10

Pedicel

11

Fang of Chelicera

12

Chelicera

13

Maxilla

14

Labium

15

Sternum

16

Opening of Book Lung

17

Epigyne

18

Opening of Trachea

19

Spinneret

20

Cephalothorax

21

Abdomen

Grasshopper General Body: Exoskeleton

The hard outer covering made of metameres or somites that protects the body.

Grasshopper General Body: Head

The anterior body region that contains the antennae, ocelli, compound eyes, and mouthparts.

Grasshopper General Body: Thorax

The middle body region comprised of prothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax, and it bears the wings and legs.

Grasshopper General Body: Abdomen

The posterior body region that contains the digestive and reproductive organs.

Grasshopper General Body: Forewings

The anterior pair of wings that are often hardened and protect the hindwings.

Grasshopper General Body: Hindwings

The posterior pair of wings that are membranous and used for flight.

Grasshopper General Body: Legs

Three pairs of jointed legs used for locomotion, with the hind legs modified for jumping.

Grasshopper General Body: Tympanic Membrane

The eardrum-like structure on the abdomen used for hearing.

Grasshopper General Body: Ovipositor

The structure at the end of the female's abdomen used to lay eggs.

Grasshopper General Body: Cercus

Sensory structures on the dorsal-lateral side of the last abdominal segment.

Grasshopper Head: Antenna

Sensory appendages used for touch and smell.

Grasshopper Head: Ocelli

Simple eyes that detect light and dark.

Grasshopper Head: Compound Eye

The eye made of many light-sensing units that detects movement and form.

Grasshopper Head: Vertex

The top of the head between the compound eyes.

Grasshopper Head: Frons

The forehead area of the head.

Grasshopper Head: Gena

The cheek area of the head.

Grasshopper Head: Clypeus

The area below the frons that forms the upper lip.

Grasshopper Head: Labrum

The upper lip that covers the mandibles.

Grasshopper Head: Labium

The lower lip that covers the maxillae.

Grasshopper Head: Mandible

The hard mouthparts used for chewing food.

Grasshopper Head: Maxillary Palp

Sensory appendages on the maxillae used for tasting and manipulating food.

Grasshopper Head: Labial Palp

Sensory appendages on the labium used for tasting and manipulating food.

Grasshopper Leg: Tarsus

The outermost segment of the leg that often has claws.

Grasshopper Leg: Tibia

The long segment of the leg between the tarsus and femur.

Grasshopper Leg: Femur

The segment of the leg between the tibia and trochanter, and it is enlarged in the hind legs for jumping.

Grasshopper Leg: Trochanter

The small segment of the leg between the femur and coxa.

Grasshopper Leg: Coxa

The basal segment of the leg that attaches to the body.