AP Unit 2 Topic 2.1-2.2 Cell Size and Cell Organelles

These flashcards cover key concepts regarding cell structure, function, and the importance of surface area-to-volume ratios.

What is the primary function of ribosomes in the cell?

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.

What distinguishes the rough endoplasmic reticulum (Rough ER) from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth ER)?

The Rough ER is studded with ribosomes and synthesizes proteins, whereas the Smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.

What is the role of mitochondria in a cell?

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, generating ATP through cellular respiration.

What are lysosomes and what is their function?

Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.

What do vacuoles do in plant cells?

Vacuoles store nutrients and waste products, providing structural support.

What is the primary function of chloroplasts?

Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.

What is the function of the cell membrane?

The cell membrane regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

What is the role of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?

The nucleus houses the cell's genetic material and controls cellular activities.

In which type of cells are membrane-bound organelles found?

Membrane-bound organelles are found in eukaryotic cells.

Which organelles are present in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Chloroplasts and larger central vacuoles are present in plant cells but not in animal cells.

How does surface area-to-volume ratio affect a cell's ability to obtain nutrients?

A higher surface area-to-volume ratio allows for more efficient exchange of materials, which is essential for nutrient uptake.

What happens to the surface area-to-volume ratio as cells increase in size?

As cells increase in size, their surface area-to-volume ratio decreases, which can limit their ability to exchange materials.

Why do smaller organisms typically have higher metabolic rates per unit body mass?

Smaller organisms have a higher metabolic rate per unit body mass due to their larger surface area-to-volume ratios.

What is the effect of organism size on heat exchange with the environment?

As organisms increase in size, their surface area-to-volume ratio decreases, leading to a decrease in the rate of heat exchange.

Identify one adaptation that cells may develop to manage the exchange of materials as they increase in size.

Cells may develop complex structures, such as membrane folds, to increase their surface area for material exchange.