Top 300 drugs ILE 5

Budesonide (generic)

Pulmicort (brand)

Budesonide drug class

Corticosteroid

budesonide indication

asthma

budesonide MOA

Anti-inflammatory with potent glucocorticoid and weak mineralocorticoid activity. It exhibits a broad range of active inhibition against multiple cell types and mediators involving allergic and nonallergic/irritant-mediated inflammation

budesonide common ADRs

Upper respiratory tract infections, otitis media, rhinitis

budesonide/formoterol (generic)

Symbicort (brand)

budesonide/formoterol drug class

inhaled corticosteroid/bronchodilator combination

budesonide/formoterol indication

asthma; COPD

budesonide/formoterol MOA

anti-inflammatory with potent glucocorticoid and weak mineralocorticoid activity. It exhibits a broad range of active against multiple cell types and mediaters. Formoterol is a long acting selective beta 2 adrenergic agonist that produces bronchodilation

budesonide/formoterol common ADRs

upper respiratory tract infections, headache, nasopharyngitis

Ipratropium/Albuterol (generic)

Combivent Respimat (brand)

Ipratropium/Albuterol class

Anticholinergic/Selective beta-2 agonist combination

ipratropium/albuterol indication

COPD

Ipratropium/Albuterol MOA

Albuterol is a selective β2-adrenergic agonist that produces bronchodilation, vasodilation, uterine relaxation, skeletal muscle stimulation, peripheral vasodilation, and tachycardia. Ipratropium is a competitive antagonist of acetylcholine at peripheral, but not central, muscarinic receptors. It appears to produce bronchodilation by inhibition of cholinergic receptors on bronchial smooth muscle.

Ipratropium/albuterol common ADRs

Bronchitis, upper respiratory tract infections

Mometasone oral inhalation (generic)

Asmanex (brand)

Mometasone drug class

corticosteroid

mometasone indication

asthma

mometasone MOA

Depresses the formation, release, and activity of endogenous chemical mediators of inflammation that contribute to asthma symptoms

mometasone common ADRs

fatigue, headache, arthralgia, oral candidiasis, pharyngitis

Tiotropium (generic)

Spiriva (brand)

Tiotropium drug class

anticholingergic bronchodilator

Tiotropium indication

Asthma, COPD

Tiotropium MOA

Tiotropium is a long-acting antimuscarinic agent, which is often referred to as an anticholinergic. It has similar affinity to the subtypes of muscarinic receptors, M1-M5. In the airways, it exhibits pharmacologic effects through inhibition of M3-receptors at the smooth muscle leading to bronchodilation. The bronchodilation following inhalation of tiotropium is predominantly a site-specific effect.

Tiotropium common ADRs

Xerostomia; Upper respiratory tract infections, pharyngitis, sinusitis

Montelukast (generic)

Singulair (brand)

Montelukast drug class

leukotriene receptor antagonist

Montelukast indications

asthma, exercise-induced asthma, seasonal allergic rhinitis

Montelukast MOA

Leukotrienes are products of arachidonic acid metabolism and are released from various cells, including mast cells and eosinophils, and bind to leukotriene receptors. Montelukast binds with leukotriene receptors to inhibit physiologic actions of leukotriene.

Montelukast common ADRs

none

Prednisolone (generic)

Orapred (Brand)

prednisolone drug class

Adrenal Glucocorticosteroid

prednisolone indication

allergic condition; exacerabation

prednisolone MOA

Glucocorticosteroids are naturally occurring and synthetic adrenocortical steroids that cause varied metabolic effects, modify the body's immune responses to diverse stimuli, and are used primarily for their anti-inflammatory effects in disorders of many organ systems.

prednisolone common ADRs

GI upset

Fluticasone/Salmeterol (generic)

Advair (brand)

Fluticasone/salmeterol drug class

Inhaled Corticosteroid and Long-Acting β2-Adrenergic Agonist Combination

fluticasone/salmeterol indication

Asthma, COPD

fluticasone/salmeterol MOA

Fluticasone is a synthetic trifluorinated corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory effects. It is a human glucocorticoid receptor agonist that inhibits multiple cell types and mediator production or secretion involved in asthma and COPD. Salmeterol is a long-acting β2-adrenergic agonist, stimulates intracellular adenylyl cyclase in catalyzing the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP). The increased cyclic AMP levels result in the relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and inhibition of the release of mediators of instantaneous hypersensitivity from mast cells.

Fluticasone/salmeterol common ADRs

Headache, pharyngitis, upper respiratory infection, difficulty speaking

Alprazolam (generic)

Xanax (brand)

Alprazolam drug class

Benzodiazepine

Alprazolam indication

anxiety, panic disorder

Alprazolam MOA

Enhances the postsynaptic effect of the inhibitory neurotransmitter, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

Alprazolam common ADRs

Ataxia, lethargy, retrograde amnesia, somnolence, weight gain, change in appetite, constipation, fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, decreased libido, rash

Aripiprazole (generic)

Abilify (brand)

Aripiprazole drug class

second generation antipsychotic

Aripiprazole indication

bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, depression, tourette syndrome, irritability with autistic disorder

Aripiprazole MOA

partial agonist activity at dopamine D2 and D3 receptors and serotonin 5-HT1A receptors and antagonist activity at 5-HT2A receptors.

Aripiprazole common ADRs

Akathisia, extrapyramidal effects, headache, increased appetite, somnolence, weight gain, hypercholesteremia, hypertriglyceridemia

Atomoxetine (generic)

Strattera (brand)

Atomoxetine drug class

Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor, CNS Stimulant

Atomoxetine indication

ADHD

Atomoxetine MOA

selective NE reuptake inhibitor

Atomoxetine common ADRs

Abdominal pain, headache, insomnia, loss of appetite, nausea, weight loss, xerostomia

Baclofen (generic)

Lioresal (brand)

Baclofen drug class

centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant

Baclofen indication

spasticity

Baclofen MOA

inhibits both monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflexes at the spinal level, possibly by hyperpolarization of afferent terminals, although actions at supraspinal sites may also occur and contribute to its clinical effect

Baclofen common ADRs

Nausea, asthenia, dizziness, somnolence, confusion

Benztropine (generic)

Cogentin (brand)

Benztropine drug class

Antiparkinsonian, Anticholinergic

Benztropine indication

extrapyramidal disease, parkinsonism

Benztropine MOA

possesses anticholinergic and antihistamine effects. May inhibit reuptake and storage of dopamine.

Benztropine common ADRs

constipation, nausea

Bupropion (generic)

Wellbutrin (brand)

Bupropion drug class

Monocyclic Antidepressant

Bupropion indication

depression, SAD, smoking cessation

Bupropion MOA

Dopamine and NE reuptake inhibitor

Bupropion common ADRs

Agitation, constipation, dizziness, headache, insomnia, nausea, tachyarrhythmia, tremor, xerostomia

Buspirone (generic)

BuSpar (brand)

Buspirone drug class

Antianxiety

Buspirone indication

anxiety

Buspirone MOA

5HT1A partial agonist

Buspirone common ADRs

dizziness

Carbidopa/levodopa (generic)

Sinemet, Rytary (brand)

Carbidopa/levodopa drug class

Antiparkinsonian

Carbidopa/levodopa indication

Parkinson's disease

Carbidopa/levodopa MOA

Levodopa is a precursor of dopamine. Carbidopa inhibits dopa decarboxylase preventing peripheral metabolism of levodopa

Carbidopa/levodopa common ADRs

constipation, dyskinesia, orthostatic hypotension, nausea

Clonazepam (generic)

Klonopin (brand)

Clonazepam drug class

Benzodiazepine

Clonazepam indication

seizures

Clonazepam MOA

Enhances the postsynaptic effect of the inhibitory neurotransmitter, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

Clonazepam common ADRs

Ataxia, lethargy, somnolence, weight gain

Desvenlafaxine (generic)

Pristiq (brand)

Desvenlafaxine drug class

SNRI

Desvenlafaxine indication

depression

Desvenlafaxine MOA

Potent reuptake inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrine but lacks effects on muscarinic, α-adrenergic, or histamine receptors.

Desvenlafaxine common ADRs

Diaphoresis, dizziness, headache, nausea, xerostomia

Divalproex (generic)

Depakote (brand)

Divalproex drug class

Anticonvulsant

Divalproex indication

Absence seizure, simple and complex

Complex partial epileptic seizure

Manic bipolar disorder

Migraine prophylaxis

Divalproex MOA

Divalproex is composed of sodium valproate and valproic acid. Valproic acid is a carboxylic acid compound whose anticonvulsant activity might be mediated by an inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA. Valproic acid might increase GABA levels by inhibiting GABA metabolism or enhancing postsynaptic GABA activity. Valproic acid also limits repetitive neuronal firing through voltage- and usage-dependent sodium channels.

Divalproex common ADRs

Abdominal pain, alopecia, asthenia, diarrhea, diplopia, dizziness, headache, nausea, somnolence, tremor, vomiting, infection, insomnia

Donepezil (generic)

Aricept (brand)

Donepezil drug class

central cholinesterase inhibitor

Donepezil indication

Alzheimer's, dementia

Donepezil MOA

enhances the action of acetylcholine by reversibly inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme responsible for its hydrolysis.

Donepezil common ADRs

asthenia, diarrhea, nausea