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Malestream
A term used to describe the male-dominated perspective in sociology, particularly in criminology, which marginalizes women’s experiences and contributions.
Transgressive criminology
A theoretical approach that challenges traditional criminological boundaries by exploring crime in relation to broader social and political contexts, often addressing issues like power and inequality.
Secondary victims
Individuals who are indirectly affected by crime, such as family members or witnesses, experiencing emotional or social harm as a result.
biological determinism
The belief that human behaviour, including criminal behaviour, is largely determined by biological factors, such as genetics or physiology.
Femicide
The systematic killing of women or girls because of their gender, often rooted in misogynistic attitudes.
Domestic violence
A pattern of abusive behaviour within intimate relationships, typically involving physical, emotional, or psychological harm by one partner toward the other.
Sexual violence
Any sexual act or attempt to obtain a sexual act by force, threats, or coercion, including rape, sexual assault, and harassment.
Casey report 2023
A UK report examining the failures of police forces to tackle violence against women and girls, calling for significant reforms to improve safety and accountability.
Patriarchal control theory
A theory that explains the persistence of gender inequality and violence as a result of patriarchal social structures that maintain men's power over women.
Liberation thesis
A theory suggesting that as women gain more social freedom and equality, they are more likely to commit crimes previously associated with men, due to reduced societal constraints.
Chivalry thesis
The idea that the criminal justice system is more lenient toward women than men, due to societal perceptions of women as weaker and deserving of protection.
