Social studies 20-1

Country

Land defined by one government and its citizens who accept the values the government stands for and its authority. Must be recognized as a country by the UN.

Patriotic

Someone who takes pride in their country of origin/ residence.

Nation-state

Internationally recognized nations with land borders, not a country.

Nation

People united by a common identity. Can be a civic, ethnicity, language, belief, political stance, land, culture, religion, history, and/or ideal based nation.

State

An organized political body and the territory they control.

Sovereignty

The capacity of a nation to self govern.

Civic nation

People living under one government in the same place who share an identity for that reason.

Ethnic nation

A nation primarily defined by shared ethnicity, culture, and often language among its people.

Nationalism

A strong identification with and pride in one's nation, often emphasizing its culture, history, and interests over others.

Ultranationalism

An extreme form of nationalism that promotes the interests of one nation above all others, often characterized by aggressive policies and a belief in national superiority.

Supranationalism

A form of international cooperation where countries work together and make decisions that transcend national borders, often leading to shared governance.

Reasonable accommodation

Adjustments or modifications provided to enable individuals, particularly those with disabilities, to participate fully in various environments, such as workplaces or educational settings.

Citizenship

The status of being a legal member of a country, entailing rights and responsibilities such as voting, obeying laws, and paying taxes.

Federalists

Supporters of a strong central government, favoring a system that balances power between national and state governments.

Non-nationalist loyalties

Loyalties to a nation outside of the nation of residence

Segregation

The separation and/or exclusion of one or more ethnic, religious, etc. groups

Crimes against humanity

Punishable by the international criminal court, perpetrated by state act as a part of a systemic or widespread attack against a civilian population, intentionally causing great suffer or serious injury to bodily and/or mental health

Genocide

The deliberate killing of a large number of people from a particular nation or ethnic group with the aim of destroying that nation or group

War crimes

Violations of the laws and customs of war, including, but not limited to atrocities, torture, killing of hostages, wonton destruction of infrastructure, devastation, not justified by military necessity, destruction of property that is a particular, cultural significance, and other breaches of the Geneva conventions

Isolationism

A policy of remaining apart from affairs or interest of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries

Unilateralism

The process of acting, reaching a decision or adapting a principle by one country

Bilateralism

A situation in which two countries were organizations have a trade agreement or work together to achieve Something

Multilateralism

A collective action coordinated between three Or more countries

Humanitarianism

An ideology centered on the value of human life, where humans practice benevolent treatment and provide assistance to other humans to reduce suffering and improve the conditions of humanity for moral or similar reasons

The Arctic council

The intergovernmental forum responsible for addressing issues in the Arctic and its indigenous peoples. They are able to share the land for research purposes. Members: Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, the USA, and representatives of the indigenous peoples. who all exercise sovereignty over the Arctic circle.

International Criminal Court (ICC)

A permanent tribunal to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. Mostly opens investigations, and leaves prosecution to the nation-state.

International Court of Justice

The principal judicial organ of the United Nations, settling legal disputes between states and giving advisory opinions on international legal issues.

Equalization payments

Financial transfers from the federal government to less wealthy provinces in Canada to ensure that all provinces can provide similar levels of public services.

Royal Bi and Bi Commission Canada

A commission established to investigate the causes of the decline of the Canadian fishery and recommend solutions for sustainable management.

Globalization

The process by which businesses, cultures, and economies become integrated and interconnected on a global scale, often driven by trade, investment, and technology.

Cosmopolitan

The idea that all human beings are part of a single community, transcending national and cultural boundaries, and promoting global citizenship.

Urbanization

The process of population movement from rural to urban areas, leading to the growth and expansion of cities. It often involves changes in social, economic, and environmental conditions.

Asymmetrical federalism

A system of governance where power is divided unevenly between different levels of government, often resulting in significant autonomy for certain regions or provinces.

Secession

Leaving, dissociating, from a larger group

Annexation

When a country declares sovereignty over a state outside their domain

Anschluss

Nazi annexation of Austria in 1938

Lebensraum

German for living space, the intention of Nazis to expand their territory.

Autarky

A country, state or society which is economically independent

Liberal internationalism

The belief that interaction and cooperation lead to common goals, especially the goals of common peace and prosperity

Hegemonic internationalism

Belief that the world is being unequally integrated with the domination of one nation over others; powerful countries are imposing their ideas on others

Revolutionary internationalism

The belief that all conflicts within societies are determined by international factors and alliances

Multiculturalism

An ideology that recognizes, values, and promotes the presence and contributions of diverse cultural groups within a society.

Pluralism

A political philosophy that recognizes and affirms diversity within a political body, allowing for multiple groups to coexist and have a say in governance.

National loyalty

The allegiance and commitment individuals feel towards their nation, often manifesting as support for national policies and pride in national identity.

Contending loyalty

Loyalty that competes with another form of loyalty, such as national vs. local allegiance, leading individuals to navigate conflicting interests and commitments.

Local loyalty

Allegiance and commitment individuals feel towards their local community or region, often emphasizing local interests over national ones.