2.7 encoding memories

effortful processing

type of memory encoding that requires active work and attention for long-term memory

automatic processing

the unconscious encoding of info about well-learned tasks

levels of processing model

when the depth at which info is thought about affects how it is remembered

shallow encoding

basic level of processing: focuses on surface characteristics of info- results in memory not well retained

structural/phonemic

_______: type of shallow processing that focuses on physical structure of info

_______: type of shallow processing focusing on auditory info

deep encoding

thoroughly processing info by focusing on its meaning and making connections

chunking (grouping)

memory strategy involving grouping pieces of info into larger info (easier to rmb stuff)

categories (grouping)

to organize info: grouping related items together into categories (easier to access info using categories)

hierarchies (grouping)

organizing info into a system of ranked categories (efficient search and recall)

mnemonics

techniques used to improve memory using mental shortcuts