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Quote from Mill about the difference in quality of certain pleasures
“It is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied; better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied”
Give two examples of lower pleasures
drinking alcohol, sex
Give two examples of higher pleasures
enjoying artwork, reading difficult literature
Why might Mill have proposed that the arts are higher pleasures
He was told by his father never to show emotion, which hurt his mental health. He became depressed, but when he discovered poetry it essentially saved him. He therefore found literature to be a very powerful pleasure
Criticism of Mills argument that literature/reading is an important higher pleasure
the literacy rate in Victorian England was low, making this assertion elitist
Who did Mill decide should choose the rules under a utilitarian society? Why is this a problem?
the great and wise. Not democratic
Why is rule utilitarianism still relativist?
Rules can be broken under extreme circumstances
Four criticisms of rule utilitarianism
Lack of autonomy in morality
if the majority is corrupt then unfair rules can be established
descent into act due to weak rules
elitist
Three strengths of rule utilitarianism
considers the quality of pleasures
no harm principle
avoids tyranny of the majority
What does Mill say about censorship
it is the enemy of progress
Does Mill think physical harm or verbal harm is worse? why?
Physical. Believes offensive speech is not hurtful
Quote from Mill about harm principle. What does it show?
“My freedom to swing my fists ends at your nose”. Amoral decisions are up to the individual, but moral decisions that impact others have rules
Why is rule util. teleoloigcal?
focused on outcomes
there is a painting and a child in a burning building and only one can be saved. What does William MacAskill suggest, according to Mill, should be saved and why?
the painting: creates more cultivated sympathy which is able to connect to the many more children who are in just as much need of saving and outnumber the single burning child
define rule utilitarianism
following general, accepted laws that lead to the greatest overall balance of good over evil, or pleasure over pain, for the sake of the common good
is rule utilitarianism communitarian or individualist
communitarian
what is rule-worship (limitation of RU)
where the rule becomes more important than maximising utility
what is weak rule utilitarianism
allows flexibility to laws, arguably leading to the break-down of the system