Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development

What is Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development?

A lifespan model of development, emphasizing how social relationships shape our sense of self

Proposed that we pass through 8 stages, each marked by a central conflict, or psychosocial crisis, that must be resolved for healthy dev

What are the 8 stages of Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development?

1. Basic Trust vs Mistrust (infancy)

2. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (toddler)

3. Initiative vs Guilt (early childhood)

4. Industry vs Inferiority (school age)

5. Identity vs Role Confusion (adolescence)

6. Intimacy vs Isolation (young adulthood)

7. Generativity vs Stagnation (middle adulthood)

8. Integrity vs Despair (maturation/old age)

Basic Trust vs Mistrust

Age: Infancy

Virtue: Hope

Infants learn to trust caregivers to meet their basic needs

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt

Age: Toddler

Virtue: Will

Toddlers develop a sense of personal control and independence

Initiative vs Guilt

Age: Early Childhood

Virtue: Purpose

Children assert control through directing play and social interactions

Industry vs Inferiority

Age: School age

Virtue: Competence

Children develop a sense of pride in accomplishments and abilities

Identity vs Role Confusion

Age: Adolescence

Virtue: Fidelity

Teens explore personal identity and sense of self

Intimacy vs Isolation

Age: Young adulthood

Virtue: Love

Young adults

Generativity vs Stagnation

Age: Middle adulthood

Virtue: Care

Adults create or nurture things that will outlast them, contributing to society

Integrity vs Despair

Age: Maturation/old age

Virtue: Wisdom

Seniors reflect on life and either feel a sense of fulfillment or regret