DDS Test 2

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Last updated 1:47 PM on 7/31/26
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17 Terms

1
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<p>Rationale for modified dosage forms</p>

Rationale for modified dosage forms

  • Less under-medicated problems (Below MEC)

  • Less over-medication problems (Above MTC)

  • Increase compliance and acceptance

2
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Why do IR products exist?

  • When precision of control of release is important

  • Potential for overdose

  • Constraints on types of drugs that are suitable for MR formulations

  • Cost

<ul><li><p>When precision of control of release is important </p></li><li><p>Potential for overdose</p></li><li><p>Constraints on types of drugs that are suitable for MR formulations</p></li><li><p>Cost</p></li></ul><p></p>
3
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What are the types of sterilisation?

  • Moist-Heat sterilisation

  • Dry-Heat sterilisation

  • Filtration sterilisation

  • Gas sterilisation

  • Sterilisation with exposure to ionising radiation

4
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What equipment does Moist-sterilisation use and how does it work?

Autoclave, uses steam under pressure

<p>Autoclave, uses steam under pressure</p>
5
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How does moist-heat sterilisation work?

Denaturation of microbial proteins

6
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How does dry-heat sterilisation work?

Cellular dehydration and pyrolysis/oxidation

7
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What equipment is used for dry-heat sterilisation and what’s the pressure in it.

Oven, pressure is increased to increase temperature

8
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How does moist-heat sterilisation compare to dry-heat sterilisation?

Moist-heat sterilisation can sterilise at lower temperatures due to presence of moisture

Dry-heat sterilisation can be used if the product is moisture sensitive.

9
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How does filtration sterilisation work?

Filtering the product through filters, physically removes microbial contaminants

10
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When is filtration sterilisation used?

When products are easily damaged by heat.

11
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What are the advantages of filtration sterilisation?

Efficient and low cost

12
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How to maximise the lifetime of a filter?

Pass the solution through bigger to smaller diameters (1 micrometer, 0.45 and then 0.22)

13
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How does sterilisation by exposing to ionising radiation work?

disrupts microbial DNA → causing deadly mutations or breaks in DNA strands

14
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What is sterilisation by exposing to ionising radiation used for?

  • Therapeutic agents/excipients

  • Production of formulations that are manufactured and packaged under aseptic conditions, are not sterilized by filtration

15
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How does gas sterilisation work?

Exposing products to mixtures of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide and an inert gas (eg. carbon dioxide) → Alkylates proteins, DNA and RNA in microorganisms, disrupting metabolic functions and leading to cell death

16
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What is gas sterilisation used for?

Medical devices and porous surgical accessories

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Why is gas sterilisation used?

Highly penetrative nature of gas medium