EXAM 3 LECTURE 2: NEISSERIACEAE

- gram neg cocci in pairs (coffee bean)

- aerobic to facultative anaerobic

- capnophilic

- oxidase positive

- catalase positive

- nonmotile

Describe the general characteristics of family Neisseriaceae.

Thayer-Martin Medium

What kind of plate favors the growth of Neisseria gonorrhea only?

Thayer-Martin agar

agar plate containing antibiotics and nutrients that grow Neisseria species while inhibit the growth of contaminating bacteria and fungi

N. gonorrheae and N. meningitidis

What two kinds of Neisseria is resistant to antibiotics?

N. gonorrhea and N. meningitidis

What are the two types of pathogenic Neisseria?

N. flava

N. subflava

N. pharyngtidis

What are the non-pathogenic types of Neisseria?

Moraxella catarrhalis

What type of Neisseria is somewhat pathogenic?

- swabs taken from mouth, anus, vagina, cervix, urethra and eye

- urine

- sterile fluids

- sputum specimens

- blood cultures

How are the types of Neisseria specimens collected and isolated?

requires special enriched medium

What does fastidious organism mean?

determines if organism can ferment a combination of 4 sugars in 4 separate tubes

dextrose (glucose)

lactose

sucrose

maltose

What is the Rapid Fermentation tests?

yellow

What indicates a positive rapid fermentation test?

red

What indicates a negative rapid fermentation test?

polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

A technique for amplifying DNA directly from the specimen submitted.

(urogenital swabs, eyes, urine)

Accu-Probe

labeled DNA with complementary Neisseria gonorrhoeae rRNA

detects bacterial nucleic acid

done in 1 hour

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

sexually transmitted disease (almost exclusively)

increased incidence among sexually active teens and young adults

increased infection of oropharynx and rectum

anogenital: anus, urethra, cervix

non-genital: eye, pharynx, during birth

What are the primary infection sites of Neisseria gonorrhea?

during birth

How can an eye infection due to neisseria gonorrhea be transmitted to infants?

primary infection in males

n. gonorrheae

visible symptoms from exposure: 1-7 days

- purulent urethral discharge

- severe pain during urination

inside white blood cells

In a gram stain of neisseria gonorrheae, where else can the bacteria be?

primary infection in females

n. gonorrheae

vaginal discharge, lower abdominal pain, abnormal bleeding

symptoms may go unnoticed

left untreated can lead to PID

PID (pelvic inflammatory disease)

leading cause of sterility in females and a result in untreated N. gonorrheae

- formation of scar tissue that blocks fallopian tubes

- ectopic pregnancy (outside of womb)

- infertility

- long-term pelvic/abdominal pain

What are some of the complications of PID?

- opaque, grey white

- glistens on chocolate agar

- oxidase positive

- catalase positive

- ferments glucose, nitrate negative

What are the identifications of N. gonorrhoea?

they carry infection with no symptoms and can spread the infection to others

What does it mean to be an asymptomatic individual?

prostitutes and multiple partners

What kind of people should screen regularly for gonorrheae?

Beta-lactamase enzyme

What enzyme causes resistance to penicillin in N. gonorrhoeae?

penicillin

the bacteria has a beta-lactamase enzyme which inactivates penicillin, causing resistance

What was historically the best antibiotic for N. gonorrhoeae?

Why does it not work anymore?

Azthromycin and Tetracycline

What is the current treatment (antibiotics) for N. gonorrhoeae?

colonies are round, convex, glistening and blue-grey color

- aerobic

- non-motile

- oxidase positive

- catalase positive

What are the characteristics of N. meningitidis?

Neisseria meningitidis

natural habitat: oropharynx & nasopharynx

carriers are asymptomatic (5% to 30%)

people living in close quarters

dorms, military, homeless shelters

Rates of N. meningitidis infections are higher in winter because why?

outbreaks of meningitidis

What can N. meningitidis infections cause to society?

- colonizes the nasopharynx

- invades the bloodstream and CNS

- sudden headache followed by stiff neck and rigidity of spine

- vomit, myaglia (joint pain)

What happens to the body during a N. meningitidis infection?

mucus membrane -

epithelial cell barrier -

blood vessel -

to cerebrospinal flud tissue

Describe the transfer of bacteria in Meningococcal Meningitis.

disseminated intravascular coagulation

use up clotting factors-bleeding into organs

cause Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

What is DIC?

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

bleeding in the adrenal glands

causes rapid death

purple rash on skin due to small blood vessels bleeding from disseminated intravascular bleeding

caused by Neisseria meningitidis

What is purpura?

What bacteria causes it?

pneumonia - esp. in older individuals with pre-existing pulmonary disease

What other infection beside meningitis can be caused by N. meningitidis?

vaccines, and anitbiotics - still do beta lactamase test

What are the treatments and prevention of N. meningitidis?

grey/white, smooth, opaque colonies

oxidase pos

catalase pos

nitrate pos

DNase pos

grows well on BAP and Choc

What are the characteristics of Moraxella catarrhalis?

Moraxella catarrhalis

gram neg cocci

normal flora of upper resp. tract

may be pathogenic

acute bronchitis and pneumonia

maxillary sinusitis, meningitis, endocarditis

MOST COMMON specimen submitted-sputum

What are some infections of Moraxella catarrhalis?

resistant to penicillin and ampicillin

treatment: erythromycin, tetacycline, chloramphenicol, cephalosporins

Treatment of Moraxella catarrhalis