Italy 1896 - 1915

When did Crispi resign?

1896

Why did Crispi resign?

Defeat in Adowa

When was the battle of Adowa

1st March 1896

Why did street demonstrations in 1896 start

high prices and food shortages

Where did the demonstrations begin?

the South

When did the demonstrations spread to the rest of the country

April 1896

Why did rioting begin?

The government attempted to arrest socialist newspaper sellers

How many people did the army kill in the riots?

200

Who was Giovanni Giolitti?

the dominant liberal politician from 1896-1915

Which bank printed money?

Banca Roma

How many soldiers were killed in the battle of Adowa?

5000

When was the Libyan war?

September 1911

How quickly were major Libyan ports and towns taken

3 weeks

When was universal male suffrage introduced?

1912

What led to a greater sense of Italian nationhood?

free primary eduction + national military service

When was Fiat founded?

1899

What was national income in 1895?

61 billion lire

What was national income in 1915?

92 billion lire

How much had foreign trade increased up to 1913

6x

Socialist criticism

• working class being exploited

• Wages low + hours very long

• Sickness and pension pays were bad

• money wasted on imperialism

• liberalism had failed to deal with poverty

Nationalist criticism

• Italy wasn’t a major force in Europe

• Humiliating defeat in Ethiopia in 1896

• 500,000 emigrants per year - disgrace

• liberalism caused bigger struggle between classes

• state hadn’t crushed socialism

• Liberalism hadn’t created a national spirit

Catholic criticisms

• Hard to support a regime which ignored pope’s territorial rights in Rome in 1870

• Liberal’s hadn’t helped catholic poverty

• Giolitti hadn’t given enough money to southern provinces

• Sicily - 0.01% of pop owned 50% of land

• Believed liberals represented educated elite - didn’t care for most of Italy

What was Red Week?

Violent uprising that happened across Italy

Why did Red Week happen?

A general strike in Ancona on 7th June 1914 resulted in killing of 3 demonstrators by police.

How long was Ancona held for by rebels?

10 days

Where else did the rebellion occur?

Regions of Marche and Emilia- Romagna

Bologna

Ferrara

Ravenna

How many soldiers were need to restore the peace

100,000

How many soldiers retreated in the battle of Caporetto?

700,000

Who was the army’s commander in chief?

Cadorna

How many Italians were taken prisoner at the battle of Caporetto

300,000

Who killed himself after the defeat in Caporetto?

Senator Franchetti

How many Italian soldiers were wounded at the battle of Caporetto?

30,000

How many Italian soldiers were killed at the battle of Caporetto?

10,000

What happened during the retreat from Caporetto?

Violence between Italian soldiers, loss of weapons and the loss of the majority of the Veneto