Early 1900s

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Fourteen Points

Woodrow Wilson’s peace principles to end World War I. Proposed League of Nations to prevent another global conflict, stressed autonomous colonies within empires and self-determination for ethnic minorities.

WWI Technology

Planes, Poison Gas, Tanks

League of Nations

Part of Treaty of Versailles, which Senate did not ratify because they feared it would limit U.S. sovereignty and Congress’ ability to declare war.

Red Scare

Fear of radical ideas associated with Communists after WWI.

Eugenics

Science with goal of sterilizing unfit/undesirable in order to improve society

John J. Pershing

Lead American Expeditionary Force during WWI, AEF was American Army group in Western Europe

Teapot Dome Scandal

Exposed corruption of Harding Administration, Albert Bacon Fall gave oil contracts to companies without bidding for contracts in exchange for gifts.

Radio

Helped unify American Culture during 1920s

Harlem Renaissance

Time of black literacy and development of black culture

Flappers

Young women who smoked, drank, and danced to advocate for change in role of women

Marcus Garvey

Encouraged black pride through United Negro Improvement Association, UNIA, advocated return to Africa and separation of races

Scopes Trial

Trial where teacher violated a Tennessee law prohibiting teaching of evolution, William Jennings Bryan prosecuted

Automobiles

Become more common in 1920s, contributed to suburban growth

Consumer Debt

People went into debt to maintain “standard of living” by buying “necessities”

International Workers of the World

Anti-capitalist radical workers union that fell out of favor after Bolshevik Revolution and Red Scare

Mary McLeod Bethune

Lead NYA, demonstrated African American Advancement

Byrd Machine

Conservative Political machine that rose to power in VA Politics in 1920s, lasted for decades

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Responsible for New Deal 3 R’s (Relief, recovery, reform), articulated 4 Freedoms (freedom of speech, religion, from want, from fear), also interned Japanese during WWII

Espionage Act of 1917

Curtailed freedom during WWI by making more crimes fall under treason, and making it illegal to interfere with draft

Herbert Hoover

President who encouraged voluntary actions by business/charity to solve problems, exacerbated Great Depression and blamed Mexican Americans

Alice Paul

Founded National Woman’s Party, supported Equal Rights Amendment

John L. Lewis

Lead United Mine Workers, eventually Congress of Industrial Organizations

WEB DuBois

Started/aided Niagara Movement, NAACP, talented tenth idea

Dawes Plan

Aided post-war Germany by lending them money to allow them to pay reparations to France and Britain after WWI

A. Philip Randolph

Threatened to march on Washington to protest job discrimination, prominent civil rights figure, founded Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, first successful Black Union

Langston Hughes

Poet and key figure in Harlem Renaissance

Harry Truman

President who decided to drop atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Glass Steagall Act

Separated commercial and investment banking to help regulate banks

Hawley Smoot

Tariff that lowered global demand and hurt economy

AAA

Helped farmers during depression

FDIC

Insurance that stabilized banks by guaranteeing customers would be able to withdraw money

Huey P Long

Critic of FDR who promoted “share our wealth” which was large federal spending, wealth tax/distribution

1937 recession

Tightening of credit by fed and reduction in federal spending on gov programs caused it, caused Republicans to gain house seats in 1938

Francis Townsend

FDR critic who wanted to give elderly $200/month, caused Social Security

Charles Coughlin

Racist Roman Catholic priest who wanted to nationalize the banking system, enemy of FDR

Works Progress Administration

WPA created jobs for white collar workers with Fed. Writers project, Fed. Theater project, and Fed. arts project

18th Amendment

Began federal prohibition

19th amendment

Enfranchised all women, 1920

20th Amendment

Moved inauguration day from March 2th to January 20th

21st Amendment

Ended Federal Prohibition

22nd Amendment

Limited election of the president to two terms

Navajo

Radio operators called wind talkers

Yalta Conference

Stalin promised to hold elections in Poland and Eastern Europe, divided Germany into 4 zones of occupation

Lend-Lease Act

US gave aid to allies like Britain to help fight against Axis

Zoot Suit Riots

Chicano mexican’s victim of sailor attacks in LA due to clothing and racism

Tuskegee Airmen

Segregated African American war units

Selective Service Act

Created Draft

Bracero Program

Welcomed Mexican workers to work with limited rights

Double V Campaign

African American fight against fascism abroad and racism at home

Good Neighbor Policy

Interfering less in latin american affairs, allowed US to support friendly governments

Neutrality Acts

Passed to avoid taking sides during beginning of WWI

Korematsu v. United States

upheld right of fed government to relocate threats during war

War Production Board

provided incentives/tax breaks to encourage businesses to support war effort

Dwight D. Eisenhower

planned Operation Overlord and led D Day June 1944

Office of Scientific Research and Development

Responsible for numerous technological developments