Cardiac 201-241

Acidosis during shock occurs due to __.

Inadequate removal of metabolic waste.

Increased respirations in shock are meant to __.

Compensate for acidosis.

Late-stage shock is characterized by __.

Very low blood pressure.

During decompensated shock, the body's compensatory mechanisms __.

Fail.

A severe complication of late shock is __.

Acute renal failure.

Shock lung (ARDS) occurs because __.

Pulmonary capillaries become more permeable, leading to fluid leaks.

Paralytic ileus in shock is caused by __.

Reduced blood flow to intestines.

Hepatic failure in shock results from __.

Prolonged hypoxia.

DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation) in shock involves __.

Widespread clotting that leads to bleeding from depletion of factors.

Infection and septicemia occur in shock because __.

Intestinal mucosa becomes damaged, allowing bacteria to enter the blood.

Depressed cardiac function in late shock is due to __.

Acidosis and ischemia.

Peripheral vascular disease is primarily caused by __.

Atherosclerosis in arteries outside the heart.

A classic symptom of arterial PVD is __.

Intermittent claudication.

Physical exam findings in arterial PVD often include __.

Cool, pale extremities.

An ulcer caused by arterial PVD is typically __.

Deep and painful with well-defined edges.

A major risk factor for DVT is __.

Prolonged bed rest or immobility.

A major danger of DVT is __.

Pulmonary embolism.

Typical DVT findings include __.

Pain, redness, and swelling in one leg.

DVT is most often found in __.

Deep veins of the legs.

A patient develops sudden shortness of breath after having a DVT—this suggests __.

Pulmonary embolism.

Varicose veins are caused by __.

Incompetent venous valves.

Varicose veins most commonly occur in __.

Lower legs.

A major risk factor for varicose veins is __.

Standing for long periods.

Chronic venous insufficiency (from varicosities) often causes __.

Brownish discoloration of legs.

Thrombophlebitis involves __.

Inflammation of a vein with clot formation.

Phlebothrombosis differs because __.

Clot forms in a vein without inflammation.

Thrombophlebitis is more dangerous because __.

Inflammation increases the risk of embolus.

An aneurysm is best defined as __.

A localized dilation and weakening of an arterial wall.

Atherosclerosis contributes to aneurysm formation by __.

Weakening the arterial wall through plaque.

A major complication of an untreated aneurysm is __.

Rupture and massive hemorrhage.

A ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) typically causes __.

Severe abdominal/back pain and shock.

Cerebral aneurysms commonly cause __.

Headaches and neurological deficits.

PVD can lead to which serious complication? __.

Tissue necrosis and gangrene.

Untreated varicose veins can lead to __.

Chronic venous ulcers.

A DVT that embolizes usually travels first to the __.

Lungs.

Aneurysm rupture is life-threatening due to __.

Massive internal bleeding.

Arterial insufficiency causes __.

Cool, thin skin with weak pulses.

Venous insufficiency causes __.

Brown discoloration and edema.

The pain in arterial PVD is typically __.

Worse with elevation.

Pain in venous disease improves with __.

Elevation of the legs.

A key difference between arterial and venous ulcers is __.

Arterial ulcers are deep and painful; venous ulcers ooze.