IAC Exam 1

In what century was variolation performed on cows to protect against cow pox?

16th century

What breed of cattle was the variolation to protect against cow pox performed on?

Braham cattle

Following variolation for cowpox, lambs were being inoculated for ____ in the early _____s

- sheep pox

- 1800s

When was the rabies vaccine developed?

In the early 1800s

Around what time were rabies vaccines and others such as distemper being used more commonly?

Mid-1950s

Following cows, sheep, and dogs, what the next development in vaccine care was for which animal?

Cats

For companion animals, horses, and food animals what is the primary focus for keeping an animal healthy?

Preventative Care

What are the 3 major food animals?

- cattle

- swine

- poultry

What are the 5 minor food animals?

- sheep

- goat

- fish

- bees

- rabbits

What 3 animals are considered "companion animals of food producing species?

- camelids

- pot belly pigs

- horses

For food animals, what considerations have to be made for products entering the food chain?

- withdrawal times for drugs

- legal use of drugs in species

- injection site reactions

What does it cost to keep a horse for its lifetime?

~ $77,000 - $116,000

What does it cost to keep a healthy cat for its lifetime?

$21,000 - $31,000

What does it cost to keep a healthy dog for its lifetime?

$27,000 - $43,000

US pet owners spend approximately how much in pet products and services?

- $123.6 billion

US pet owners spend the most money a year on what pet product/service?

Food and treats

What is the S portion of "SOAP"

- subjective

- historical information

- looking at environment and animal from a distance

What is the O portion of "SOAP"

- objective

- physical exam findings

- based on facts (temp, HR, etc.)

Note: can appear subjective (interpretation of mucous membranes) but there are still value guidelines for that

What is the A portion of "SOAP"

- assessment

- includes list of diagnoses or rule outs

What is the P portion of a "SOAP"

- plan (Diagnostic/therapeutic)

- can include client communication/information

7 things to access body language of animal

1.) eyes

2.) ears

3.) mouth

4.) tail

5.) hair

6.) posture

7.) sounds

In addition the the body language signs for companion animals, for horses you should also observe their _____

Nostrils

Can you access animal behavior based on one body language region?

- No because it could be taken out of context

- environment, posture and *total* body language should be used

Most injuries by farm animals are caused by which animal?

Cattle

Cattle are responsible for approximately ____ of all injuries caused by farm animals.

2/3

Where are a cows blind zones?

- directly behind them

- small area directly in front of them

The zone in which a cattle will move away from you is called

Flight zone

What are the two things that drive a horses behavior?

1.) they are animals of prey

2.) they are herd animals

Domestication of horses began about how many years ago?

~5000

_____ is essential for both mental and physical health of a horse

Locomotion

Horses have:

A.) 90° vision

B.) 180° vision

C.) 360° vision

C.) 360° vision

Where are the blind spots of a horse?

- directly behind

- directly in front

Do horses have binocular or monocular vision?

Both

When moving around the hind of a horse, the safest position is as close as possible to the horse or farther away?

As close as possible

What are the 4 most common animal components of the agriculture industry?

- beef cattle

- dairy cattle

- pigs

- poultry

What are the 3 species of cattle and where do they originate from?

- Taurus: from Europe, Asia, africa

- indices: from india

- bison: American bison

The following descriptions describe what cow breed?

- mostly black, but some will have red coats

- polled

- came from Scotland in 1873

- beef cattle

Angus

The following descriptions describe what cow breed?

- white

- both polled and horned

- first European breed in America from France

- heavily muscled and lean

Charolais

The following descriptions describe what cow breed?

- red and white, yellow, or red color

- has produced some black polled animals

- used for milk, meat, and draft purposes

Simmental

What are two heat tolerant breed breeds?

- brahma

- Santa gertrudis

What are the 6 most common dairy cows is the US?

- ayrshire

- brown swiss

- guernsey

- holstein

- jersey

- milking shorthorn

What are the 3 sectors of concentrated pig farming operations?

- farrow to finish

- feeder pig producers

- feeder pig finishers

The US ____ industry is the world's largest producer and second largest exporter of meat

Poultry

What are the 3 primary causes of poor horse performance?

1.) musculoskeletal

2.) respiratory

3.) cardio

What is included in companion animal signalment?

- age

- reproductive status

- breed

- +/- color

- +/- job

The American Kennel Club (AKC) recognizes how many breeds of dogs?

197

The Cat Fancier's Association has how many recognized pedigree breeds?

45

The international cat association has how many recognized breeds?

73

What are the 9 AKC recognized groups?

- herding

- hound

- non-sporting

- sporting

- terrier

- toy

- working

- miscellaneous

- foundation stock service

What are some dog groups based on size/appearance?

- brachiocephalic

- chondrodystrophic

- dolichocephalic

What are some of the most common cat colors?

- tabby

- calico

- pointed

- tortoiseshell

What are the AAHA life stages of a dog?

- puppy

- junior

- adult

- mature

- senior

- geriatric

Define puppy stage

neonatal until reproductive maturity

Define junior stage of dog

reproductively mature, still growing

Define adult stage of dog

finished growing, structurally and socially mature

Define mature stage of dog

from middle to approximately the last 25% of expected life span

Define senior stage of dog

from maturity to life expectancy (approximately the last 25% of expected life span)

Define geriatric stage of dog

at life expectancy and beyond

What is the average canine life expectancy for all breeds?

Small breeds?

Medium/large breeds?

large/giant breeds?

- 12.8 years

- 13+ years

- 10+ years

- 6+ years

What are the feline stages of life?

- kitten

- young adult

- mature adult

- senior

What is the average life expectancy of a cat?

Outdoor cats?

Indoor cats?

- 10-14 years

- outdoor: 7+ years

- indoor: 14+ years

Dogs kept at an ideal weight throughout their lifetime live ____ longer

15%

After spay/neuter, caloric intake should be decreased by at least ____?

25%

Puppy and cat socialization is most important between how many weeks old?

- puppy: 2 to 12 weeks

- kitten: 2 to 7 weeks

Heartworm testing should not be started until after how many months of age?

8

Cats will show a decline in activity around what age stage?

junior/adult