Biological Approach Flashcards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts within the biological approach in psychology.

Biological Approach

The influence of genes, biological structures, and neurochemistry on behavior.

Genotype

A person's actual genetic make-up.

Phenotype

The characteristics of an individual determined by both genes and the environment.

Assumption of the Biological Approach

All behavior is a result of biological mechanisms like genes, neurochemistry, or brain abnormalities.

Genetic Basis of Behavior

Investigated using twin studies or genetic testing that isolates individual genes.

Twin Studies

Look at differences in concordance rates between MZ (100% genes) and DZ (50% genes) twins.

Evolution and Behavior

The idea that current behavior has roots in adaptive pressures faced by our ancestors.

Adaptive Behavior

Any trait that increased survival would have been naturally or sexually selected.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Made up of the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Made up of the somatic (voluntary movement) and autonomic (bodily responses) nervous systems.

Somatic Nervous System

Controls voluntary movement.

Autonomic Nervous System

Controls bodily responses (e.g., stress).

Sympathetic Nervous System

Arousing (fight-or-flight).

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Calming (rest and digest).

Somatic Nervous System

Nervous system that we can control.

NEURONS

Carry massages around the body.

Neurons

Transmit nerve impulses as electrical signals.

Neurotransmitter

Chemical released when a nerve impulse reaches the end of a neuron.

Synapse

Junction between two neurons.

Excitatory Neurotransmitters

Trigger nerve impulses (e.g., dopamine).

Inhibitory Neurotransmitters

Inhibit nerve impulses to calm the brain (e.g., serotonin).

Hormones

Key in homeostasis/regulation of bodily functions.