Speech Sound Quiz 1

articulation

the formation of clear and distinct sounds

phonology

the sound system of a language and the rules that govern the sound combinations

Articulation disorder

the atypical production of speech sounds characterized by substitutions, omissions, additions or distortions that may interfere with intelligibility

Phonological disorder

predictable, rule-based errors (fronting, stopping, final consonant deletion) that affect more than one sound

functional

no known cause

organic

developmental or acquired, includes motor/structural/sensory

motor/neurological

execution (dysarthria), planning (apraxia)

structural

Cleft palate/other orofacial abnormalities, Structural deficits due to trauma or surgery

sensory/perceptual

hearing impairment

EBP

client perspectives, clinical expertise, evidence

Suprasegmentals

stress, intonation, loudness, pitch, rate, vocal punctuation

Coarticulation

influence sounds exert on other sounds

Phonotactics

allowable sound combinations in a given language

Sensory information

auditory feedback loop, tactile, visual

Allophone

variation of the same sound that retains meaning

active process

used in 40% of applicable contexts in speech sample

place

where in the vocal tract the sound is made

manner

how the airstream is modified

voice

whether the cords vibrate

perceptual development

Infants are able to discriminate minimal differences in speech sounds from before birth within the first few months of life

intelligibility - age 2

50%

intelligibility - age 3

75-80%

intelligibility - age 5

90-100%

salience

children will acquire words within their phonological inventory

reflexive

0-2 months, vegetative

cooing

2-4 months, vowel-like

vocal play

4-6 months, pitch variation

babbling

6+ months, reduplicated, non-reduplicated, variegated

jargon

10+ months

vocalization

Any sound a child produces using the vocal tract — includes both speech-like and non-speech sounds

word approximation

An intentional, consistent sound pattern a child uses to refer to a specific object or concept, but it doesn’t exactly match the adult word

verbalization

A broad term for producing speech using words or word-like sounds, especially when used with intent to communicate