Development of the Cold War to 1968

What was the Eisenhower administration’s approach to the Cold War?

Aggressive containment through CIA interventions, brinkmanship, and nuclear deterrence.

What was the New Look policy?

A US national security policy emphasising nuclear weapons and covert operations to contain communism while cutting defence costs.

What was the significance of the 1953 CIA-backed coup in Iran?

The US removed Prime Minister Mosaddeq and reinstated the Shah, securing Western oil interests and preventing perceived Soviet influence.

Why did the US support a coup in Guatemala in 1954?

To prevent the nationalisation of US business interests and counter a government they suspected of leaning toward communism.

What role did the CIA play in the Congo in 1960?

They organised a coup to remove Prime Minister Lumumba after he accepted Soviet aid, installing a pro-Western regime.

What was the doctrine of 'massive retaliation'?

A policy asserting that any Soviet aggression would be met with overwhelming nuclear force.

What was 'brinkmanship'?

A Cold War strategy of pushing conflicts to the brink of war to deter enemy aggression.

Why did the US intervene in Korea?

To contain communism after North Korea invaded the South in 1950.

What was the result of the Korean War?

A stalemate that reinforced the 38th parallel as a border and deepened Cold War tensions.

How did the Sino-Soviet Alliance affect the Cold War?

It expanded the communist bloc but later disintegrated, showing fractures within the communist world.