Chapter 10- Skin

What is skin also known as?

cutaneous membrane

What are the skin’s two prime layers?

Epidermis and Dermis

Epidermal ridges and/or friction ridges?

In thick skin, the underlying dermal papillae, are caused by curbing parallel epidermal ridges. For fingerprints

Melanocytes

contribute colored pigments to the skin and serve to decrease the amount of UV light that can penetrate the deeper layer

What is another name for epidermal dendritic cells?

Langerhans cells are branched cells that play role in immunity. They originate in the bone marrow.

Epidermal Growth Factor

a cell-signaling protein that plays a role in regulating the regeneration and repair of the epidermis

Dermoepidermal Junction

point between the epidermis and dermis. forms the “glue” that holds the two layers together

Papillary layer

named for the bumps or papillae on its surface. The thin, epidermal layer of the skin conforms tightly to the ridges of dermal papillae. Helps to form fingerprints

Reticular layer

dense, tough collagenous fibers that when commercially pressed from animal skin results in leather. Elastic fibers here help skin to be elastic and stretchable.

Arrector pili muscles

a small bundle of involuntary muscles attached to each hair follicle. Contraction of these muscles make hair “ stand up” and as hair rises, makes “goosebumps’

Scars

dense, fibrous, mass of tissue that remains after a damaged tissue has been repaired

Strata

layers of skin

named for:

its structural or functional characteristics

Stratum basale

deepest layer of the epidermis

stratum spinosum

spiny layer, rich in RNA and assists in production of keratin 10-12% of cells enter mitosis each day creating new cells

Stratum granulosum

process of surface keratin formation begins in thin layer

the only way to make a tattoo permanent is for the ink to reach your

dermis

Where are the most abundant sweat glands found?

palms, forehead, and soles of your feet

what 4 things make up the integumentary system

skin, hair, nails and exocrine glands

what is greated in the skin from sunlight

vitamin d

is the arrector pili at an angle or straight up and down

at an angle

what are the 5 main functions of the skin

* protection
* regulate body temperature
* excretion
* produce vitamin D
* sensory reception

what is the bottom layer called and is considered part of the skin

hypodermis

what is the most abundant type of cell found in the epidermis and what do they produce

keratinocytes; produce keratin

how often is your epidermis replaced

35-35 days

what is the mnemonic to help remember the layers of the epidermis

come lets get sunburned

what layer contains melanocytes and what do they produce and how is it helpful

statum basale; it produces melanin; it protects from UV radiation

physical barriers

* continuity of the skin and hardness of keratinized cells
* waterproofing properties of the glycolipids. Keratin helps
* keratin substances that can penetrate the skin: lipid-soluble substances like a CO2, steroid, olenesins of certain plants-poison ivy.

Chemical barriers

skin secretion, antimerobial peptides slows bacteria growth and/or killls. Melanin provides protection frm UV Damage. Low pH slows bacterial growth on the surface.

Biological barriers

langerhan’s cells present antigens to lymphocytes. Dermal macrophages attack bacteria,viruses that have have penetrated the epidermis. Both, help to activate the body’s immune system