Biology Review (Physio)

What is the most important carbohydrate?

Glucose

What are the 4 classes or groups of biomolecules?

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

Nucleic Acids

What does your body use carbohydrates for?

Energy

What kind of food sources contain carbohydrates?

Breads, pastas, potatoes, fruit, veggies

What biomolecule builds cell membranes?

Lipids (fats)

What is a good food source for lipids?

Meat, fish, avocado, eggs, nuts, oil, butter, dairy

What do proteins help build in your body?

Muscle, skin, hair, nails, bone

Which type of biomolecule can function as an enzyme (a molecule that helps chemical reactions)?

Proteins

What is the building block (monomer) of a protein called?

Amino acid (20 kinds)

What are good food sources for proteins?

Meat, diary, nuts, eggs, beans

What important molecules for life are nucleic acids?

DNA, RNA

What are good food sources for Nucleic Acids?

Meat, nuts, fruit, veggies (anything fresh with CELLS)

Why are these called biomolecules?

Because they build your cells and your body - creating a living organism.

Nucleus

Control center of the cell. Contains DNA.

Ribosomes

Makes proteins

Vacuole

Stores material. ONE LARGE one in plants to store glucose. Many smaller in animal.

Lysosomes

Cleans the cell. Only Animal Cells.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Transports material and proteins around the cell. Rough = ribosomes attached. Smooth = none - creates lipids.

Golgi

Labels and packages proteins for transport. Works with the ER and ribosomes.

cell membrane (lipid bilayer)

Outer layer; controls what goes in and out of the cell.

cell wall

Protective structural layer found ONLY IN PLANTS. Rigid and made of cellulose.

Mitochondria

Make energy from glucose (powerhouse.....)

Chloroplast

PLANTS ONLY. Site of photosynthesis (glucose production)

Centrioles

Help with Mitosis (animal only)

Cytoskeleton

Proteins that support the cell structure

Cytoplasm

Cell Juice - liquid that fills the cell. All other organelles are floating around in it.

What type of biomolecule can by a hormone?

Proteins/Lipids

What happens during the g1 phase of cell cycle?

Cell growth

What happens during the S phase of the cell cycle?

DNA replication

What happens during the G2 phase of the cell cycle?

Checkpoint - DNA and Organelles copied? Ready for Mitosis?

What happens during M phase of the cell cycle?

mitosis

What is a solute?

A substance that is dissolved in a solution.

What is the difference between osmosis and diffusion?

Diffusion is when solutes dissolve into solution. Osmosis is when WATER moves to dissolve a solute.

What is an isotonic solution?

Contains equal concentrations of solutes on both sides. BODY GOALS

What is a hypertonic solution?

Solute concentration is greater outside the cell than that inside the cell; cell loses water - DEHYDRATION

What is a hypotonic solution?

Solute concentration is lower on the outside than that inside the cell; cell gains water - WATER RENTENTION/BLOATING