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What marked the first permanent English settlement in North America?

Jamestown, founded in 1607.

Who established Jamestown?

The Virginia Company of London, a joint-stock company.

What was Captain John Smith's crucial policy for survival in Jamestown?

'No work, no food' policy.

What challenges did Jamestown face?

Disease (malaria), famine (the 'Starving Time'), and conflicts with the Powhatan Confederacy.

What encouraged settlement in Jamestown?

The headright system which granted land to those who paid for their passage.

In what year were the first African slaves brought to Jamestown?

1619.

What economy was solidified by tobacco cultivation in Jamestown?

Slave-based plantation economy.

What was the significance of the House of Burgesses established in 1619?

It was the first legislative assembly in the American colonies, allowing for some self-governance.

What significant document did the Pilgrims sign in 1620?

The Mayflower Compact.

What was the Mayflower Compact?

An agreement to form a self-governing body based on majority rule.

Who helped the Pilgrims survive in their first winter?

Native Americans like Squanto.

Who served as governor of Plymouth colony for over 30 years?

William Bradford.

What was a major cause of the French and Indian War (1754-1763)?

Conflict between Britain and France over control of North America.

What did the Treaty of Paris 1763 establish?

British dominance in North America.

What significant event was triggered by British attempts to recoup war expenses after the French and Indian War?

Increased tensions and subsequent policies like the Stamp Act.

What war led to American independence from Britain?

The American Revolutionary War (1775-1783).

What document was signed in 1776 declaring independence from Britain?

The Declaration of Independence.

Who primarily wrote the Declaration of Independence?

Thomas Jefferson.

What does the Declaration of Independence assert?

Natural rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

What was the purpose of the 1787 Constitutional Convention?

To revise the Articles of Confederation.

What are the three branches of government established by the Constitution?

Legislative, Executive, and Judicial.

What compromise established a bicameral legislature in the Constitution?

The Great Compromise.

Who is known as the 'Father of the Constitution'?

James Madison.

What year were the Bill of Rights ratified?

1791.

What do the Bill of Rights protect?

Individual liberties and rights.

What was the Louisiana Purchase?

A land acquisition from France that doubled the size of the U.S.

How much did the U.S. pay for the Louisiana Purchase?

Approximately $15 million.

What was the main consequence of the American Civil War (1861-1865)?

Resolution of the conflict over slavery and states' rights.

What was the Emancipation Proclamation?

A declaration by President Lincoln freeing slaves in Confederate territories.

What was a significant turning point battle in the Civil War?

The Battle of Gettysburg.

What did the Spanish-American War (1898) result in?

U.S. acquisition of territories like the Philippines and Cuba.

What event triggered the Spanish-American War?

The sinking of the USS Maine.

What years did the United States participate in World War I?

1917-1918.

What prompted the U.S. to enter World War I?

Unrestricted submarine warfare by Germany.

What treaty ended World War I?

The Treaty of Versailles.

What economic event beginning in 1929 led to a severe downturn?

The Stock Market Crash.

What was the New Deal?

Government programs initiated by Franklin D. Roosevelt to combat the Great Depression.

What major event does 1941 mark in U.S. history?

The entry of the U.S. into World War II.

What event caused the U.S. to enter World War II?

The attack on Pearl Harbor.

What conflict occurred between 1950-1953?

The Korean War.

What was a significant result of the Korean War?

Stalemate along the 38th parallel.

What landmark case did the Supreme Court decide in 1954?

Brown v. Board of Education.

What did Brown v. Board of Education declare unconstitutional?

State laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students.

What was the main social impact of the Vietnam War?

Significant social and political upheaval in the U.S.

What resolution gave President Johnson broad powers regarding the Vietnam War?

The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.

What military strategy was associated with the Emancipation Proclamation?

A strategy to weaken the Confederacy by freeing their slaves.

How did the introduction of tobacco impact Jamestown's economy?

It significantly increased demand for labor.

What was the primary aim of the Virginia Company when establishing Jamestown?

To seek profit.

What role did geography play in the establishment of Jamestown?

It was chosen for its defensible position and proximity to water.

What year marked the signing of the Mayflower Compact?

1620.

What was the effect of the Treaty of Paris on French territories in North America?

France ceded most of its territories to Britain.

What year did the Civil War end?

1865.

What did the U.S. gain from the Treaty of Paris after the Spanish-American War?

Territories including Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.

What social movement gained momentum as a result of World War I?

Progressivism.

What did the Emancipation Proclamation lead to in terms of legislation?

Paved the way for the 13th Amendment.

What political ideology influenced the Declaration of Independence?

Enlightenment thought.

What key issues were addressed in the compromises during the drafting of the Constitution?

Representation and slavery.

How did the Bill of Rights limit government power?

By guaranteeing specific individual rights.

What role did Native Americans play in the survival of the Plymouth colony?

They provided essential assistance in agricultural practices.

What system replaced indentured servitude as tobacco plantation labor demands increased?

Chattel slavery.

What was a significant consequence of the Stock Market Crash?

The onset of the Great Depression.

What major outcome stemmed from U.S. participation in World War II?

Emergence as a global superpower.

What social change occurred in the U.S. as a result of the Civil War?

A push towards civil rights and equality for African Americans.

What was one major consequence of the American Revolutionary War?

Establishment of the United States as an independent nation.

What was a key factor leading to the American Revolutionary War?

Taxation without representation.

What legislative body was formed in 1774 to address colonial grievances?

The First Continental Congress.

What was a significant economic effect of World War I on the U.S.?

Increased industrial production and technological advancements.

What was the Progressive Era?

A period of significant social and political reform.

What was the Vietnam War?

A conflict between the U.S. and North Vietnam, involving complex Cold War tensions.

What were the Jim Crow laws?

Laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States.

What were the Roaring Twenties?

A period of economic prosperity and cultural change in the 1920s.

What was the Dust Bowl?

A major drought in the Great Plains that exacerbated the Great Depression.

What was the Cold War?

A global ideological and geopolitical struggle between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.

What was the policy of containment?

A policy of containing the spread of communism.

What is the United Nations?

An international organization formed after World War II to promote peace and cooperation.

What was the Space Race?

A competition between the U.S. and the Soviet Union to develop superior space capabilities.

Who was Martin Luther King Jr.?

A civil rights leader advocating for racial equality through nonviolent means.

What was the Women's Liberation Movement?

A movement advocating for women's rights and gender equality.

What is the Information Age?

A period of significant computer technology development and its integration into society.

What was 9/11?

A series of terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001.

What was the Iraq War?

A war initiated by the U.S. and its allies against Iraq in response to 9/11.

What was the Great Recession?

An economic downturn that began in 2008 due to a crisis in the housing and financial markets.

A law aimed at reforming