apes unit 2 slide show 2

Front (Question)

Back (Answer)

What is island biogeography?

The study of ecological relationships and community structures on islands

What does Rule #1 of island biogeography state?

Larger islands support more total species because they have greater diversity

What does Rule #2 of island biogeography state?

Islands closer to the mainland support more species because colonizing organisms can reach them more easily.

Why do larger islands support more species?

They have higher ecosystem diversity

What is the relationship between island size and species richness?

Positive correlation: larger islands support more species.

What is the relationship between distance from mainland and species richness?

Inverse relationship: the further away an island is

Why do closer islands have higher species richness?

Easier migration

What is adaptive radiation?

When a single species rapidly evolves into several new species to use different resources and reduce competition.

Give an example of adaptive radiation.

Galápagos finches evolving different beak shapes to use different food resources.

Why do islands create unique conditions for evolution?

Limited space and resources put pressure on species to adapt

What is the ecological range of tolerance?

The range of environmental conditions (temperature

Why is range of tolerance important?

It determines how well a species or population can survive environmental changes and disturbances.

What are the three zones of tolerance?

1. Optimal range – where organisms survive

What are examples of stress in the physiological zone?

Infertility

What are examples of conditions in the zone of intolerance?

Thermal shock

Why do generalists have an advantage in changing environments?

They have a wider range of tolerance

How does global warming affect range of tolerance?

It can push environmental conditions (like temperature or rainfall) outside species’ tolerance ranges

Give an example of global warming affecting trees.

Higher temperatures may shift conditions outside trees’ tolerance range

Give an example of global warming affecting fish.

Warmer oceans hold less oxygen

How can droughts linked to global warming affect plants?

Less rainfall shifts conditions outside tolerance range