Module 6.2.3- Polyesters and polyamides

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12 Terms

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Condensation polymerisation

a reaction in which monomers are linked together into a polymer with the release of a small molecule, such as water, as a by-product

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Polyester

monomers are joined together by ester linkages in a long chain to form the polymer

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How are polyesters made

made from a monomer containing a carboxylic acid group and an alcohol group

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Repeat unit (revision)

A specific arrangement of atoms that occurs in the structure over and over again. Repeat units are included in brackets, outside of which is the symbol n.

<p>A specific arrangement of atoms that occurs in the structure over and over again. Repeat units are included in brackets, outside of which is the symbol n.</p>
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Polyesters made from two monomers each containing two functional groups

One monomer is a diol
One monomer is a dicarboxylic acid

<p>One monomer is a diol<br>One monomer is a dicarboxylic acid</p>
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Polyamides

condensation polymers that contain the amide functional group

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Polyamides from one monomer with two functional groups

Amide bond is formed and water is lost

<p>Amide bond is formed and water is lost</p>
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Polyamides from two monomers each with two functional groups

can be made with a diamine and a dicarboxylic acid (or acyl chloride)

<p>can be made with a diamine and a dicarboxylic acid (or acyl chloride)</p>
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What are the two reagents you can use to hydrolyse condensation polymers?

Hot aqueous alkali

Hot aqueous acid

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Hydrolysing polyesters

alkali hydrolysis forms a carboxylate ion salt

<p>alkali hydrolysis forms a carboxylate ion salt</p>
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Hydrolysing polyamides

the H+ in acid hydrolysis can protonate COO- to COOH and NH₂ to NH₃+ in the monomers produced. there isn't a proton in base hydrolysis so this doesn't happen.

<p>the H+ in acid hydrolysis can protonate COO- to COOH and NH₂ to NH₃+ in the monomers produced. there isn't a proton in base hydrolysis so this doesn't happen.</p>
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Summary of acid and alkali hydrolysis on condensation polymers (regarding NH2 and COOH)

Hot aqueous acid = NH3+ and COOH
Hot aqueous alkali= NH2 and COO-