Test 2

Republican Virtue

The idea that colonists should prioritize the common good over private gains.

Loyalists

Colonists loyal to the British crown, persecuted after the war, with many fleeing to Canada.

Thomas Hutchinson

British royal governor of Massachusetts whose house was burned by the Sons of Liberty.

Boston Massacre

1770 event where five Americans were killed, later used as propaganda by Paul Revere.

Cornwallis

British general who surrendered at Yorktown in 1781, effectively ending the Revolutionary War.

Burgoyne

British general whose plan to cut off New England failed, leading to his surrender at Saratoga.

Common Sense

Pamphlet by Thomas Paine advocating for American independence using ethos, logos, and pathos.

Saratoga

Decisive American victory in 1777 that demonstrated the potential for American success and secured French support.

Bunker Hill

Early battle in 1775 that was a costly British victory despite American resistance.

Valley Forge

American war camp during the harsh winter of 1777, where troops were trained and inoculated.

Yorktown

Final battle of the Revolutionary War in 1781 where Cornwallis surrendered to American and French forces.

Popular Sovereignty

The principle that the majority rules, challenging the idea of divine right in governance.

John Adams

Defended British soldiers in the Boston Massacre and was a key figure in the American Revolution.

Ben Franklin

Newspaper owner and diplomat who sought French support for the Revolution and promoted unity among colonists.

Thomas Jefferson

Drafted the Declaration of Independence and secured French aid for the American cause.

1st Continental Congress

1774 assembly that drafted grievances against the king and formed the Continental Association.

2nd Continental Congress

1775 meeting that mobilized the army and declared independence.

Lafayette

Young French general who helped secure French support for the American colonies.

Baron Von Steuben

Prussian general who trained American troops at Valley Forge during the winter of 1777-1778.

Thomas Paine

Author of "Common Sense," who appealed to American emotions and later supported the French Revolution.

Lexington and Concord

1775 confrontation where Americans resisted British attempts to confiscate arms, marking the start of the war.

Stamp Act

1765 law taxing documents and playing cards, leading to the rallying cry of "no taxation without representation."

Townshend Acts

1767 laws taxing various goods and reinforcing the Quartering Act, leading to colonial unrest.

Quartering Act

1765 law requiring colonists to house and feed British soldiers, causing unease among colonists.

Sugar Act

1764 tax on sugar and molasses, part of mercantilist policy passed by George Greenville.

Braddock

British general who died in a skirmish while accompanying Washington at Fort Duquesne.

Fort Duquesne

French fort in the Ohio River Valley, later becoming Louisbourg after British victory.

Committees of Correspondence

Political networks established in all colonies to promote revolutionary ideas.

Proclamation Line of 1763

Boundary preventing settlers from crossing the Appalachian Mountains, largely ignored by colonists.

George Washington

First president and general who led the American army, known for crossing the Delaware River.

Nathanael Greene

Competent Quaker general who led the Southern theater during the Revolutionary War.

Treaty of Paris (1763)

Ended the French and Indian War, with France ceding Canada to Britain.

Treaty of Paris (1783)

Peace treaty ending the Revolutionary War, negotiated by John Jay, establishing borders and fishing rights.

The Association

Colonial organization that boycotted British imports, leading to increased smuggling and local production.

Declaratory Act

1766 law allowing Britain to pass laws over the colonies, initially met with indifference.

Magna Carta

1215 document limiting the power of the British government and establishing rights like habeas corpus.

7 Years War/French and Indian War

Conflict over Ohio River Valley claims, resulting in British victory and financial strain on both nations.