Test 2

  1. republican virtue

    1. The idea that the colonists need to band together towards a common goal vs looking for private gains

    2. Outlined in a famous publication by Gordon Wood

    3. Disinterest for sake of community

    4. Willingness to check ones emotions

    5. Adhesive/virtue required for a republic to endure

    6. Necessary for a republic

  2. Loyalists

    1. Loyal to the crown

    2. Hella persecuted after war ended (tar and featehred)

    3. Mainly in the south

    4. Around 80k fled to Canada and other British places

  3. Thomas Hutchinson

    1. British royal gov. Of Massachusetts

    2. House burned down by Sons of Liberty

    3. Wrote a history of the colonies

    4. Fled to Britain after Boston Tea Party

  4. Boston Massacre

    1. 1770

    2. Becomes American propaganda created by Paul Revere

    3. 5 dead Americans

    4. John Adams defends Red Coats in court

  5. Cornwallis

    1. British general

    2. Served in Southern theater of the war

    3. Cornered and surrendered at Yorktown in 1781

    4. His defeat essentially ended War

  6. Burgoyne

    1. Burgoyne plan - cut off new england from the rest of the colonies

    2. Failed

    3. Surrender at Saratoga

    4. Howe, St. Ledger, Burgoyne

    5. Tried to convince loyalists not to listen to revolutionary cause

  7. Common Sense

    1. Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine

    2. Became most widely read pamphlet in the colonies

    3. Vouched for American independence

    4. Displayed ideas of ethos, logos, pathos

      1. Appealed to the common man, plain and straightforward, “I offer nothing more than simple facts, plain arguments, and common sense” (ethos)

      2. Argued British rules were simply unfair and unjust and states all the colonies’ grievances. Also argues that America should not be governed by a small island across the ocean. (Logos)

      3. Uses stirring and dramatic language to appeal to colonists’ emotions (Pathos)

  8. Saratoga

    1. Decisive American victory (Kills the Burgoyne plan effectively)

    2. Horatio Gates defeats Burgoyne

    3. 1777 year

    4. Shows that the Americans can win and helps French join war

  9. Bunker Hill

    1. Early Battle between Brits and americans during Siege of Boston

    2. Technically British victory but VERY costly

    3. Patriots initially held off British but were driven out after they ran out of ammunition

    4. 1775

  10. Valley Forge

    1. American war camp

    2. Harsh winter in 1777

    3. Baron von Stueben trained miliita here

    4. Washington inoculates troops

    5. Conditions very bad, barely any foot, clothes, shoes, etc.

  11. Yorktown

    1. End of war battle

    2. Cornwallis surrenders

    3. 1781

    4. Washington comes from land and French fleet under de Grasse come from sea

  12. Popular Sovereignty

    1. The majority rules/People in charge

    2. One of the justifications in the Declaration

    3. Challenges contemporary ideas (i.e. rule by divine right)

  13. John Adams

    1. Defended the British soldiers regarding the Boston Massacre

    2. Father of john quincy adams

    3. Worried he’s not going to get enough credit for what’s happening but generally a good person

  14. Ben Franklin

    1. Owned a newspaper gazette

    2. Sent on a diplomatic mission to France to try to get them to support the Revolution

    3. Invented a lot of things

    4. “Join, or die” - motto to get colonists to unite

  15. Thomas Jefferson

    1. Wrote draft of Declaration of Independence

    2. Secured French aid

    3. Future 3rd president

    4. Very smart (knew 6 languages)

    5. Owned large plantation Monticello

  16. 1st and 2nd Continental Congresses

    1. 1st

      1. Consulting body drafting an appeal to king

      2. List of grievances

      3. Forms Continental Association

      4. 1774

    2. 2nd

      1. Washington shows up in military uniform

      2. Calling for action

      3. Declaration of Independence

      4. Mobilize army

      5. 1775

  17. Lafayette

    1. Young French General

    2. Helped secure french support for colonies

    3. French Revolution

  18. Baron Von Steuben

    1. Trains troops at Valley Forge during bad winter

    2. Prussian general

    3. 1777-1778

  19. Thomas Paine

    1. Common Sense

    2. Humble beginnings

    3. Appealed to American emotion

    4. Later supported French Revolution (idk if this would count)

  20. Lexington and Concord

    1. News of gunpowder and arms storage in Concord

    2. British go to try and confiscate it but Americans resist (Concord)

    3. Shot heard around the world

    4. Paul Revere’s ride

    5. 1775

  21. Stamp Act

    1. 1765

    2. All documents and playing cards were taxed and denoted with a stamp

    3. No taxation without representation

  22. Townshend Acts

    1. Tax everything

    2. Shutting of Boston Harbor (Harbor Act)

    3. Reinforced Quartering Act

    4. 1767

    5. Repealed everything besides tea which led to tea party

  23. Quartering Act

    1. 1765

    2. Forced to house/feed British Soldiers

    3. British presence makes colonists uneasy

  24. Sugar Act

    1. 1764

    2. Tax on sugar and molasses

    3. Mercantilist policy

    4. Passed by George Greenville

  25. Braddock

    1. Accompanied Washington at Duquesne

    2. He died in a skirmish 1755

    3. Commanded soldiers in Ohio River Valley

  26. Fort Duquesne

    1. French Fort

    2. Eventually becomes Louisbourg?

    3. Braddock and Washington lead an unsuccessful attack on this fort

  27. Committees of Correspondence

    1. Network of political organization

    2. Initial attempt at revolutionary ideas

    3. Existed in all 13 colonies by end of war

    4. John Adams organized first one in Massachusetts

  28. Proclamation Line of 1763

    1. Settlers can’t pass this line

    2. Most colonists don’t follow this rule

    3. Can’t go past Appalachian Range

  29. George Washington

    1. First president, stepped down after 2 presidential terms by choice

    2. Great American general; led the American army

    3. Crossed Delaware River and assaulted the Hessians day after Christmas

  30. Nathanael Greene

    1. Quaker “The fighting Quaker”

    2. Very competent and successful general

    3. Led the Southern theater

  31. Treaty of Paris (1783) (Jay Treaty)

    1. Revolutionary War Peace treaty

    2. John Jay excluded French from negotiations with British in order to get a better deal for the Americans

    3. Mississippi River becomes border

    4. Retain a share in the fisheries of Newfoundland

    5. Acknowledge land from Great Lakes to Florida, Atlantic to Mississippi.

  32. the Association

    1. Set up by the congress

    2. Colonial organization that boycotts british imports

    3. Leads in to more smuggling and also colonial production

    4. Make your own goods, don’t import

    5. Kind of under threat of physical violence and encouraged smuggling

  33. Declaratory Act

    1. 1766

    2. Passed with the repeal of the Townshend Act

    3. Allows Britain to pass acts/laws over the colonies

    4. At first left colonists indifferent

  34. Magna Carta

    1. Power limiting document for the British government(King John)

    2. 1215 or smth

    3. Constitutional government

    4. Right trial by jury (habeus corpus)

    5. Maintains presumption of innocence(this right was established and inspired the Colonists to do it)

  35.  7 Years War/French and Indian War

    1. British victory

    2. Sparked over Ohio River Valley claims

    3. Leaves both British and French broke

    4. 9 years long