anatomy first test

Anatomical Position

standing upright with palms, head and feet facing forward; arms straight at sides

superior

above

inferior

below

anterior (ventral)

in front of

posterior (dorsal)

behind

medial

on the inner side

lateral

on outer side

proximal

close to origin

distal

farther from origin

deep

more internal

supine

face up

prone

face down

midsagittal

middle

transverse

top and bottom

coronal

one side to the other

head

face & cranium

neck

cervical

trunk

Thorax, Abdomen, Pelvis, Back- Vertebral, Lumbar/Sacral

upper appendage

shoulder: Axilla ,Brachium, Antecubital, Cubital/Olecranon, Antebrachium, Carpus, Manus, Palm, Digits

lower appendage

gluteus: Femorus, Patellar, Popliteal, Crural, tarsus, Pes, Sole, Digits

DORSAL & VENTRAL:

Main cavities that contain smaller cavities

DORSAL-Cranial

Vertebral canal

VENTRAL- Thoracic Cavity

Pleural cavities [2], Pericardial cavity [1], Abdominopelvic Cavity, Abdominal Cavity

homeostasis

[sameness, state w/o change]

The INTERNAL environment of the body is kept

STABLE despite changes around us.

Homeostasis must be maintained for normal body

functioning and to sustain life

Our bodies are constantly subjected to stress

Changes in temperature

Changes in pressure

Potential diseases

Negative Feedback:

restore the body to normal levels of function

Positive Feedback:

result in continuous change away from normal levels of functioning

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM: major function

• COVERS & PROTECTS UNDERLYING STRUCTURES

• RETENTION OF BODY FLUID

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM: major organs

• SKIN

• HAIR

• NAILS

SKELETAL SYSTEM: major function

• SUPPORT

• PROTECTION

SKELETAL SYSTEM: major organs

• BONES

• JOINTS

MUSCULAR SYSTEM: MAJOR FUNCTION

• MOVEMENT

  • VOLUNTARY

  • INVOLUNTARY

MUSCULAR SYSTEM: MAJOR ORGANS

• SMOOTH MUSCLE

• CARDIAC MUSCLE

• SKELETAL MUSCLE

NERVOUS SYSTEM: major function

• ALLOWS BODY TO RESPOND TO STIMULI

  • Muscles, Glands and Organs

NERVOUS SYSTEM: major organs

• BRAIN

• SPINAL CORD

• NERVES

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: major functions

• TRANSPORTS:

  • O₂, CO₂, NUTRIENTS, HORMONES, ETC

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: major organs

• HEART

• BLOOD VESSELS

  • ARTERIES, VEINS, CAPILLARIES

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: major function

• GAS EXCHANGE

  • O₂ IN

  • CO₂ OUT

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: major organs

• LUNGS

• TRACHEA

• LARYNX

URINARY/EXCRETORY SYSTEM: functions

• CONTROL WATER/SALT IN BLOOD

• REMOVE WASTE 

URINARY/EXCRETORY SYSTEM: organs

• KIDNEY

• URETER

• URETHRA

• URINARY BLADDER

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: function

• BREAK DOWN FOOD

• ABSORB NUTRIENTS

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: organs

• ESOPHAGUS

• STOMACH

• INTESTINE (SMALL & LRG)

• LIVER

• PANCREAS

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM: function

REGULATES BODY SYSTEMS WITH HORMONES

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM: organs

• ENDOCRINE GLANDS

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: functions

• PRODUCE GAMETES (SPERM OR EGG)

• PRODUCE NEW OFFSPRING

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: organs

• TESTES/OVARIES

• UTERUS

• URETHRA

LYMPHATIC/IMMUNE SYSTEM: functions

• CARRIES FLUID FROM TISSUE TO BLOOD

• REMOVE PATHOGENS FROM TISSUE FLUID

LYMPHATIC/IMMUNE SYSTEM: organs

• LYMPH VESSELS

• LYMPH NODES

• SPLEEN