biochem test 1 review part 2

A thermodynamically unfavorable reaction can be performed by

coupling it to a thermodynamically favored reaction.

The total free energy change of a thermodynamic reaction is

the sum of the separate parts; this process can aid in a reaction that would otherwise be unfavorable

Some reactions proceed even with deltaGo ’ > 0 becuase

concentration of the product is kept very low which results in delta gprime greater than 0

ATP is the

universal currency of cellular energy

phosphoryl group tranfsers

help to move around energy

ATP has

3 phosphoryl groups

Hydrolysis of all atp/amp/adp molecules creates a

inorganic phosphate product

oxidation is

loss of electrons

Reduction is

gain of electrons

What is the only exception to the standard amino acid structure

proline

glycine G

alanine A

valine V

leucine L

isoleucine

methione M

phenylanline F

tryptophan W

proline (P)

Aliphatic amino acids

G,A,V,L,I,M

NON POLAR SIDE CHAIN amino acids

G,A,V,L,I,M,F,W,P

serine

threonine T

cysteine C

tyrosine Y

asparagine

glutamine G

aspartate

glutamate

lysine

arganine

histidine

aromatic residues have

chromophoric properties which make them useful.

Because of the aromatic amino acids proteins typically show absorbance around

280nm on a spectra

CYS can form

disulfide bonds

H3n AND cooh ARE MORE

acidic ph groups

more basci ph groups are

H2N and COO-

acidc oh is

below 7

basic ph is

above 7

Linkage of amino acids results in

loss of one water molecule and joins carbonyl group to amino group to form a strong peptide bond.

linkage of amino acids results in a

polypeptide

formation of the peptide bond causes the

carboxyl and amino groups to lose their charge

peptide bond formation is a

condensations reaction between the alpha carbon of one of the amino acids and alpha amino group of another amino acid

N termis is the

NH3 group on one side of the peptide bond

the C termis the

c-o group on the other side of the peptide bond

peptide bonds demosntrate a

planar configuation

most aino acids generally are preffered as

cis/trans

to read a peptide or protein always read

left to right or n terminal to c terminal