Biotechnology and Society Flashcards

Flashcards about biotechnology and society, including recombinant DNA technology, human proteins in animals and plants, DNA identification, stem cells, and CRISPR Cas9 gene editing.

Recombinant DNA Technology

The first biotechnology success involving making human proteins in bacteria.

Insulin

A human protein used to treat type one diabetes, originally extracted from cow and pig pancreas, made safer through recombinant DNA technology.

Transgenic Animals

Animals like cows, goats, and sheep used to produce human proteins that require mammarylation modifications.

Human Products in Plants

A method of producing human proteins that is cheaper, easier to genetically modify, and able to make modifications that bacteria cannot.

Biotech and Identification

Discovered in the 1980s, it involves variable number tandem repeats (VNTRS) which are inherited.

Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRS)

Inherited sequences flanked by restriction enzyme recognition sequences, producing thousands of DNA fragments.

Embryonic Stem Cells

Stem cells from the blastocyst that can become any cell type.

Adult Stem Cells

Adult stem cells found in adult tissues and organs, with limited cell types and are multipotent.

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Adult stem cells that have been reprogrammed to develop into other cell types.

CRISPR Cas9

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, a gene editing tool.

Cas9 Enzyme

An enzyme that cuts DNA, discovered in Archaea and bacteria, used as a defense system against viruses.