HBS unit 1
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123 Terms
skeletal system
system which protects and supports body organs and provides a framework the muscles use to support movement. Made up of bones and joints
muscular system
Consists of skeletal muscles, tendons that connect muscles to bones, and ligaments that attach bones together to form joint
nervous system
the network of nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body.
endocrine system
Consists of glands that control many of the body's activities by producing hormones.
reproductive system
system of organs involved in producing offspring
cardiovascular system
Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc. The heart pumps blood.
respiratory system
A system of organs, functioning in the process of gas exchange between the body and the environment, consisting especially of the nose, nasal passages, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
immune (lymphatic) system
A system (including the thymus and bone marrow and lymphoid tissues) that protects the body from foreign substances and pathogenic organisms by producing the immune response
urinary (excretory) system
organs of this system include the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
digestive system
System which breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells.
anterior
directional terms means in front of
posterior
toward the back
ventral
Toward the belly
dorsal
toward the back
superior
toward the head
inferior
Lower on the body, farther from the head
proximal
Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
distal
farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
medial
Toward the midline of the body
lateral
Away from the midline of the body
superficial
near the surface
abdominal region
pertaining to the abdomen
antecubital region
front of elbow
axillary region
armpit
brachial region
upper arm
buccal region
cheek
calcaneal region
heel
carpal region
wrist
cephalic region
head
cervical region
neck
coxal region
hip
digital region
fingers, toes
femoral region
thigh
gluteal region
buttock
inguinal region
groin
lumbar region
lower back
nasal region
nose
occipital region
back of head
olecranol region
back of elbow
oral region
mouth
orbital region
eye
patellar region
knee
popliteal region
back of knee
sacral region
the area where the sacrum is located; forms the tail end of the spinal column
sternal region
sternum
tarsal region
ankle
thoracic region
chest area
umbilical region
around the bellybutton
vertebral region
spinal column
coronal plane
An imaginary plane where the body is cut into front and back parts.
sagittal plane
divides body into left and right
transverse plane
horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions
cell
Basic unit of life
tissue
A group of similar cells that perform the same function.
organ
A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body
organ system
group of organs that work together to perform a specific function
nervous tissue
Tissue that senses stimuli and transmits signals.
epithelial tissue
A body tissue that covers the surfaces of the body, inside and out
muscle tissue
A body tissue that contracts or shortens, making body parts move.
connective tissue
A body tissue that provides support for the body and connects all of its parts
spongy bone
Layer of bone tissue having many small spaces and found just inside the layer of compact bone as well as the epiphysis; also known as cancellous bone
compact bone
Hard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone; also known as cortical bone
flat bones
These bones are thin, flat, and curved. They form the ribs, breastbone, and skull.
long bones
bones of the arms and legs, longer than they are wide
short bones
cube shaped bones of the wrist and ankle
irregular bones
bones of the vertebrae and face
epiphysis
End of a long bone
diaphysis
shaft of a long bone
periosteum
Double-layered connective tissue that covers and nourishes the bone.
medullary cavity
cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow
osteon
structural unit of compact bone
osteocytes
mature bone cells
osteoblasts
bone forming cells
osteoclasts
Bone-destroying cells
hematoma formation
blood vessels break, releasing blood that clots
fibrocartilage callus formation
New capillaries begin to form into the clotted blood in the damaged area. Connective tissues cells form a mass of repair tissue called a fibrocartilage callus. This callus contains some cartilage, some bone and collagen fibers and the combined mass closes the gap between the broken bones.
bony callus formation
The third stage of bone healing. (the hard callus phase)
bone remodeling
final stage of bone healing in which the bony callus is remodeled to restore the normal shape of bone
spiral fracture
This type of fracture results from a twisting force
transverse fracture
this type of fracture results from a bending force
comminuted fracture
bone breaks into many fragments