Medicine in Industrial Britain (1700-1900)
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Edexcel GCSE History Paper 1 Unit 3
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Invented the first vaccine by discovering a link between cowpox and preventing smallpox. However, he did not understand why it worked.
More people moved to cities to be nearer to factories, which meant houses were built rapidly without thought of space, sanitation and health needs. This led to overcrowding and poor sanitation facilities, which spread disease rapidly.
Famous surgeon and anaesthetist whose work included proving the cause of cholera, and creating a device to give the right dosage of chloroform as an anaesthetic.
The water pump which John Snow studied. He mapped cases of cholera in the area and proved everyone in the area caught it from that pump.
anaesthetic
A drug given to produce unconsciousness before and during surgery
The Government set up a national Board of Health. Councils were advised to use tax money to improve public health and were allowed to appoint medical officers of health.
* Made healthcare advice more ^^universal^^
* Gave the ^^government special powers^^ during public health crises
* There was ^^no rush^^ to help, and this cost many lives.
The first nursing school in Britain, set up by Florence Nightingale. She taught cleanliness, discipline and care.
A war fought between 1853-1856, where Florence Nightingale ran a hospital and started teaching her ideas. She unknowingly became famous and returned home to a hero’s welcome and a huge trust fund, which she used to help spread her ideas.
In 1858 the hot summer caused the Thames to smell. It finally caused the government to act because the Thames was next to Parliament and it was affecting them.
Published the Germ Theory, which stated that bacteria in the air caused food to rot. Also was the first person to create a vaccine in a lab and understood how it worked.
An area free of harmful bacteria. All operating rooms nowadays are required to be aseptic before any surgery happens.
a disinfectant chemical which Joseph Lister used to prevent infections in open wounds and keep operating rooms clean
Made local councils responsible for proper public sanitation, rubbish removal, new housing and quality of food
Proved bacteria caused disease, and found ways to isolate, stain and photograph germs. Correctly identified 21 germs and linked them to the disease they caused.
Unclean and overcrowded, with not enough doctors and nurses for patients to be properly cared for. Nurses also had a reputation for being drunk and unclean.
Houses in small towns/villages which were donated by rich donors to provide basic care for the poor and elderly. Similiar to medeival hospitals.
Hospitals where local doctors volunteered their free time. Although they were largely funded by rich donors, people has to join ‘sick clubs’, where they gave money each week to put towards their healthcare fund.
A place where the poor, sick or disabled went to live if they couldn’t support themselves. It was a last resort due to terrible conditions and long hours.
Wards were now clean, well-ventilated and spread out. Infectious patients were treated in special wards and many hygiene practices were in place to prevent infection & spread of disease. They were run by many highly-trained and respected doctors and nurses.
Also known as ‘cure-alls’, these were herbal remedies which claimed to cure every illness, when in reality they contained no ingredients of medical benefit. Some were even harmful because they contained lard, wax and turpentine. Overdoses and addiction also caused many deaths.