6225 Module7 Schedule of Reinforcement

Contintinous Reinforcement (CNR)

Every instance of the behavior is being reinforced. Used during skills acquisition process. Help to get a Behabior going.

Intermittent Reinforcement (INT)

Some instance but not all occurrences of the behavior produce reinforcement. Used to maintain Behavior to progress to naturally occurring.

Ratio

Requires a number of response before one response produces reinforcment. It talks about RESPONSES

Interval

Require a elapse of time before a response produces reinforcement. Talks about TIME

Fixed

The response ratio or time requires to remain constant. Follows a pattern, always the same.

Variable

The response ratio or time can change from one reinforcement to another. It always changes.

4 basics schedules of reinforcements

Fixed Ratio

Fixed Interval

Variable Ratio

Variable Interval

Fixed Ratio

Requires the completion of a number to produces reinforcement.

Consistent: :little hesitation, then post reinforcement

High rates of responses.

Ex: Every 2 responses, every 4.. always a pattern)

Variable Ratio

Requires a completion of a variable number of responses to produce reinforcer.

Consistency: Consistent and steady

Quick rates of responses.

Fixed Interval

Provides reinforcement for the first response following a fixed duration of time.

Consistency: Post-reinforcement paused the acceleration rate towards the end of the interval.

Slow or moderate rate of responses.

Ex; Getting he mail/ Paycheck

Variable Interval

Provides reinforcement for the first correct response following the elapse of variable duration of times.

Consistency: Constant and stable

Low to moderate rate of response.

(you don't know when reinforcement is coming, just that there is an interval)

Limited hold

Situation in which reinforcement is available only for a finite time following the lapse of an FI or VI interval--if the target response does not occur within the time limit, reinforcement is withheld and new interval begins

Schedule Thinning

Gradually increasing the response ratio OR the duration of the time interval.

Expect: avoidance/escape/aggression/unpredictable pauses in responding

Variation of the basics schedule of reinforcement

Differential Reinforcement of high rates (DRH)

Differential Reinforcement of low rates (DRL)

Differential Reinforcement of diminishing rates (DRD)

Differential Reinforcement of high rates (DRH)

The reinforcement of responses HIGHER than a predetermined criterion

Differential Reinforcement of low rates (DRL)

The reinforcement of responses LOWER than a predetermined criterion

Differential Reinforcement of diminishing rates (DRD)

Provides reinforcement AT THE END of a predetermined time interval when the number of responses is LESS than a criterion that is gradually decreased across time intervals based on the individual's performance.

Progressive Schedule of reinforcement

Schedule that systematically thins each successive reinforcement opportunity independent of the individual's behavior. Thinning opportunities. Within session.

Compound Schedule of reinforcement

A schedule of reinforcement consisting of two or more elements of continuous reinforcement (CRF), the four intermittent schedules of reinforcement (FR, VR, FI, VI), differential reinforcement of various rates of responding (DRH, DRL), and extinction.

The elements from these basic schedules can occur successively or simultaneously and with or without discriminative stimuli; reinforcement may be contingent on meeting the requirements of each element of the schedule independently or in combination with all elements.

Compound Schedule of reinforcement includes:

- Concurrent Schedule

- Discriminative schedule

- Non-discriminative schedule

- Schedule combining the number of responses an time

Concurrent Schedule

A schedule of reinforcement in which two or more contingencies of reinforcement (elements) operate independently and simultaneously for two or more behaviors.

Discriminative schedule

Multiple schedules

chained schedule

Multiple schedules

A discriminative schedule of reinforcement (Compound) in which 2 or more schedules of reinforcement that are presented in an alternating and RANDOM order.

It HAS and SD.

Chained schedule

A discriminative schedule of reinforcement (Compound) consisting of a sequence of two or more simple schedules, each with its own SD and the last of which results in a terminal reinforcer.

- Always in the same order

- Can be for some or different behavior for each element.

- Conditioned reinforcer for responding in one element is the presentation of the next element.

Non-discriminative schedule

Mixed Schedule

Tandem Schedule

Mixed Schedule

Schedule of reinforcement (non-discriminative) two or more basic schedules, alternating/random, but there is no SD for the one behavior

Tandem Schedule

Schedule of reinforcement (non-discriminative)

two or more schedules occur in the same order, but there is no SD for more any behaviors

Schedule combining the number of responses and time

Alternating Schedule

Conjunctive schedules

Alternating schedule

Provides reinforcement whenever the requirement of either a Ratio schedule OR Interval schedule is met.

Conjunctive schedules

Whenever reinforcement follows the completion of the response requirements for BOTH a ratio and interval schedule have been met

Matching Law

The principle that the proportion of responses emitted on a particular schedule matches the proportion of reinforcers obtained on that schedule.

The rate of responding is proportional to the rate of reinforcer received from each choice alternative in a concurrent schedule.

Ratio schedules require ___ before a response produces reinforcement?

a number

Interval schedules require ____ before a response produces reinforcement

certain time period

What is limited hold?

Reinforcement is only available for a limited amount of time after an interval is complete.

what is CRF?

Continuous reinforcement: every response is reinforced