Lymphatic and Immune Systems

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to the lymphatic and immune systems.

Lymphatic System

A system consisting of lymphatic vessels and organs that contributes to homeostasis by absorbing interstitial fluid, transporting fats, and defending the body against disease.

Lymphatic Vessels

Vascular structures that carry lymph, starting as blind-ended capillaries that merge into larger vessels and eventually connect to lymphatic ducts.

Thoracic Duct

The larger lymphatic duct that collects lymph from most of the body and empties it into the left subclavian vein.

Right Lymphatic Duct

A lymphatic duct that returns lymph from the right arm and right side of the head and neck to the right subclavian vein.

Primary Lymphatic Organs

Organs where lymphocytes mature; includes red bone marrow and thymus.

Secondary Lymphatic Organs

Organs that filter lymph and blood, including lymph nodes, spleen, and tonsils.

Innate Immunity

The non-specific, first line of defense of the immune system that is fully functional without prior exposure to pathogens.

Adaptive Immunity

A specific immune response that is activated upon exposure to a specific pathogen, allowing for a 'memory' of that pathogen.

Antigen

A substance that is recognized by the immune system as foreign and triggers an immune response.

T Lymphocytes (T Cells)

A type of white blood cell that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity by killing virus-infected cells and tumor cells.

B Lymphocytes (B Cells)

A type of white blood cell responsible for antibody-mediated immunity by producing antibodies against antigens.

Antibodies

Proteins produced by B cells that bind to specific antigens to neutralize or eliminate them.

Cytokines

Cell signaling molecules produced by immune cells that regulate immune responses.

Complement System

A group of plasma proteins that enhance the immune response by promoting inflammation and directly attacking pathogens.

Inflammatory Response

A non-specific immune response characterized by redness, heat, swelling, and pain, aimed at containing and eliminating pathogens.

Memory B Cells

Long-lived B cells that provide the immune system with 'memory' of past infections, allowing for faster response on future exposures.

Monoclonal Antibodies

Identical antibodies produced from a single clone of B cells, used for medical tests and treatments.

Hypersensitivity Reactions

Exaggerated immune responses to harmless substances, resulting in allergies and other immune complications.

Autoimmune Disease

A condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells, leading to tissue damage.