Community: Public & Private Settings

What are some Public Health Nurse Settings? (jobs)

• School nursing

• Correctional nursing

• U.S. Government Nursing Agencies

• Occupational & Environmental Health Nursing

What are some Private Nurse Settings?

• Entrepreneurship

• Nurse Center Models

• Faith-based Nursing

What are some key functions of Public Health Nursing?

• The health of the populations, community needs, and priorities.​

• Caring relationships (individuals, families, communities, and systems).​

• Grounded in cultural sensitivity​

• Understand all aspects of health; use strategies motivated by epidemiologic evidence, and ​

individual and collaborative strategies to achieve results.​

What is a stakeholder in the context of public health nursing?

• Any individual, group, or organization that has an interest in or is affected by a particular project, decision, or outcome.

• Can influence or be influenced by the actions and policies of an organization, project, or initiative

What does it mean by Primary stakeholder?

Those directly affected by the project or decision, such as employees, customers, or clients

What does it mean by Secondary stakeholder?

Individuals or groups that have an indirect interest, such as suppliers, community members, or advocacy groups

Who are Key stakeholders?

Those who have significant influence or power over the project, including investors, government agencies, or senior management

How does the Public Health Nurse approach a Community Assessment? (Using childhood obesity as a concept)

• The public health nurse first assesses community-level data to identify the prevalence of childhood obesity and its contributing factors, such as access to healthy foods and safe recreational areas.​

• They gather information through surveys, focus groups, and collaboration with local schools and organizations.​

How does the Public Health Nurse approach Program Development? (in the context of childhood obesity)

• Based on the assessment, the PHN designs a community-based intervention program targeting childhood obesity.​

• The program includes nutrition education workshops, cooking classes, and physical activity events for families.

How does the Public Health Nurse approach Collaboration and Outreach? (context of childhood obesity)

• The public health nurse collaborates with schools, local government, and community organizations to implement the program.​

• They engage parents, caregivers, and children in discussions about healthy lifestyle choices and barriers to accessing healthy foods.​

How does the Public Health Nurse approach Ongoing Evaluation? (childhood obesity context)

• The PHN implements evaluation methods to assess the effectiveness of the program, such as tracking BMI changes and surveying participant satisfaction.​

• They adjust the program based on feedback and outcomes to better meet community needs.​

How does the Public Health Nurse approach advocacy?

• The public health nurse advocates for policies that promote access to healthy foods, such as farmers' markets or community gardens, and safe recreational spaces for children.​

How does General Nursing and Public health nursing differ when it comes to their focus?

• The general nurse focuses on individual care and immediate health concerns, providing personalized interventions and follow-up.​

• The public health nurse takes a broader approach, addressing community-wide issues and implementing programs to prevent obesity on a larger scale.

How does General Nursing and Public health nursing differ when it comes to the Assessment?

The general nurse conducts assessments at the individual level, while the public health nurse assesses community health trends and determinants.

How does General Nursing and Public health nursing differ when it comes to the intervention?

• The general nurse provides direct education and care for the individual, whereas the public health nurse develops community programs and collaborates with various stakeholders.​

How does General Nursing and Public health nursing differ when it comes to the outcomes?

• The general nurse aims for short-term health improvements for Alex (case study), while the public health nurse seeks to create lasting changes in community health and reduce the prevalence of childhood obesity.​

What does National Policy do when it comes to Public Health Funding and Governmental Structures?

The Federal Government oversees national policy and funding, provides funding, provides expertise, and sets a national agenda.​

What do State Agencies do when it comes to Public Health Funding and Government Structures?

The U.S. Constitution bestows states with the responsibility to safeguard the health and their citizen.

What does Local Public Health do when it comes to Public Health Funding and Government Structures?

Carry out state law sand policies. Operate programs with state and federal funding. ​

What does Prevalence mean when it comes to Public Health Nursing?

refers to the total number of cases of a disease in a specific population at a given time, regardless of when the cases were diagnosed. It is often expressed as a percentage or proportion.​

What does Incidence mean when it comes to Public Health Nursing?

the number of new cases of a disease that occur in a specific population during a defined period of time. It is typically expressed as a rate (e.g., cases per 1,000 people per year)

How do Federal Public Health Nurses approach the Assessment?

(National Health Campaign for Diabetes Prevention used as an example)

assess the national prevalence of diabetes using data from health organizations and research studies to understand the scope of the issue.​

How do Federal Public Health Nurses approach the Diagnosis?

(National Health Campaign for Diabetes Prevention used as an example)

They identify a diagnosis of rising diabetes rates among specific populations, indicating a need for targeted prevention efforts.

How do Federal Public Health Nurses approach Planning?

(National Health Campaign for Diabetes Prevention used as an example)

The nurses develop a national campaign that includes educational materials, resources for healthcare providers, and community engagement strategies to promote healthy lifestyles.

How do Federal Public Health Nurses approach Implimentation?

(National Health Campaign for Diabetes Prevention used as an example)

The campaign is rolled out through various media channels, community workshops, and partnerships with healthcare providers to disseminate information and resources.

How do Federal Public Health Nurses approach Evaluation?

(National Health Campaign for Diabetes Prevention used as an example)

The federal nurses evaluate the campaign by analyzing health data to track changes in diabetes prevalence and assessing community feedback on the effectiveness of the resources provided.

How does State Public Health Nursing approach Tobacco Cessation Initiatives using the ADPIE?

• Assessment:​

  • State public health nurses conduct assessments to evaluate tobacco use rates across different demographics in the state using health surveys and data analysis.​

• Diagnosis:​

  • They identify a diagnosis of high tobacco use rates among adolescents, which poses significant health risks and costs to the healthcare system.​

• Planning:​

  • The nurses develop a comprehensive tobacco cessation program tailored for adolescents, including educational resources, counseling services, and support groups.​

• Implementation:​

  • The program is launched in collaboration with schools and community organizations, providing workshops, counseling sessions, and access to cessation resources such as quit lines.​

• Evaluation:​

  • The effectiveness of the initiative is evaluated through follow-up surveys assessing changes in tobacco use among participants and overall community awareness of the dangers of smoking.​

How does the Local Public Health Nursing approach Childhood Immunization Programs?

• Assessment:​

  • Public health nurses assess the immunization rates in the community by collecting data from schools and clinics.​

  • They conduct surveys to identify barriers to vaccination, such as lack of awareness or access to healthcare services.​

• Diagnosis:​

  • Based on the assessment, the nurse identifies a diagnosis of low immunization coverage among children in the community, potentially leading to increased risk of vaccine-preventable diseases.​

• Planning:​

  • The nurse develops a plan to increase immunization rates, which may include organizing vaccination clinics, educational outreach programs for parents, and partnerships with local schools.​

• Implementation:​

  • The nurse implements the plan by conducting vaccination clinics, distributing educational materials, and hosting community workshops on the importance of immunizations.​

• Evaluation:​

  • After the clinics, the nurse evaluates the effectiveness of the program by tracking immunization rates and gathering feedback from participants to assess changes in knowledge and attitudes.

Which of the following agencies is primarily responsible for ensuring the safety and efficacy of medications, vaccines, and medical devices in the United States? ​

1. Indian Health Services (IHS)​

2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)​

3. National Institutes of Health (NIH)​

4. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)​

U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)​

What are the responsibilities of the School Nurse?

• Promote Health​

• Identifies health-related barriers to learning​

• Care of children with special needs​

• Screenings​

• Medication administration​

• Staff training

What are the functions of School Nursing Practice?

• Health services for individuals with chronic conditions​

• Prevent and promote health​

• Health education and promotion​

• Promotion of healthful school environment

What are some stats concerning School Nursing in Georgia?

• 1998 Tobacco Master Settlement agreement –allocates funds annually for School Nurses in Georgia through the Georgia Department of Education​

• 1,600 Licensed School Nurses employed in Georgia (Georgia DOE)​

• Schools also utilize unlicensed assistive personnel (Healthcare Tech, Clinic Assistant, etc.)​

• 39% of Georgia Schools have a School Nurse full-time every day​

• 2,200 public schools and 757 (FY2025) private schools in GA​

• 1,752 schools need a School Nurse full-time every day​

Why are school nurses important?

“Academic achievement and education seem to be critical determinants of health across the life span and disparities in one contribute to disparities in the other (Gopalan & Edara, 2023).”​

• Educational attainment is a key social determinant of health and health policies can affect educational outcomes. ​

• Improving physical health enables students to learn better. ​

• Poor school performance results in hunger, physical and emotional abuse, chronic conditions​

• School health programs can have positive impacts on educational outcomes as well as health-risk behaviors and health outcomes. ​

How do school-based health programs, such as school nursing, impact educational outcomes? ​

1. They significantly improve test scores across all subjects. ​

2. They reduce absenteeism by providing better health care management.​

3. They primarily focus on increasing the number of teachers.​

4. They offer scholarships and financial aid for higher education. ​

They reduce absenteeism by providing better health care management.​

What is the function of Correctional Nursing?

• Restore and maintain the health of inmates​

• Track and screen for communicable diseases​

• Assist in setting up resources for continuing care after release​

• Educate and promote a healthy lifestyles​

• Assist in assessing medical conditions

What are some examples of Private Setting Nurse Center Models?

• Bethesda Community Clinic​

• Grady Infection Disease Program​

• Ryan White HIV/AIDs Program​

• Telehealth Programs ​

• Health Insurance Services (United Healthcare and Kaiser Permanente Medical Facilities)​

What is Faith Community Nursing (private settings)

• work in close relationships with Pastor, pastoralstaff, and medical providers​

  • Also, Individuals, families, and faith communities to establishprograms and services that significantly affect health, healing,and wholeness​

• Address universal health problems​

• Also known as Health Ministries, Parish and Congregational Nursing

What are the Roles of the Faith Community Nurse/Parish Nurse?

• Health educator​

• Health counselor​

• Advocate​

• Referral agent​

• Developer of support groups​

• Coordinator of volunteers​

• Integrator of faith and health​

What is the Purpose and Role of Occupational health Nursing (private Setting)

to ensure a healthy and productive workforce​

• Roles:​

  • Consultant​

  • Educator​

  • Role Model​