anatomy exam 4 iupui

CNS

brain and spinal cord, no nerves

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sensory, sensory, motor, motor, both, motor, both, sensory, both, both, motor, motor

PNS

nerves and ganglia

afferent (sensory) PNS

Sensory, going to CNS

sensory

ascending, afferent, dorsal

efferent (motor)PNC

impulses are carried away from the CNS through the PNS, to the effectors

motor

descending, efferent, ventral

efferent (motor)

are tracts ending in -spinal efferent (motor) or afferent (sensory)?

astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells

What types of neuroglia are in the CNS?

Epithalamus

Connect to the limbic. system contains the pineal gland, controls circadian rhythm

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

area of the hypothalamus in which the body's biological clock is located

Epineurium

surrounds the entire nerve

afferent (sensory)

Are tracts beginning with spinal- efferent (motor) or afferent (sensory)

perineurium

surrounds each fascicle

yes, through the nose

can you get things past the blood-brain barrier? if yes then how

Endoneurium

surrounds each axon (fiber)

motor

the precentral gyrus is ventral, so what is its' pathway

sensory

the postcentral gyrus is dorsal, so what is its' pathway

autonomic nervous system

provides automatic control, regulating of smooth muscles, cardiac muscle and glandular activity

somatic nervous system

provides voluntary control over skeletal muscle contraction

faster

the more myelin wrapping around a neuron makes it faster or slower?

neuroglia

nerve glue, supporting cells of the nervous sytem, phagocytes

taste

gustation=

terminal bouton

the area where one neuron synapses on another

gray

______ matter is unmyelinated

white

______ matter in myelinated

nerves

bundles of axons in the PNS

ganglia

clusters of cell bodies in the PNS

dendrites

Receivers on a neuron

subarachnoid space, ventricles of the brain and central canal

CSF lives in? 3 of them

axon

most neurons have one _____ that generates and conducts nerve impulses away from the neuron cell body

synapse

Gaps between neurons where signals are sent

astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes

neuroglia of the CNS include? 4 of them

Schwann cells and satellite cells

neuroglia of the PNS? 2 of them

ependymal cells

glial cells of the CNS that line cavities of the brain and spinal cord, make cerebrospinal fluid

chemotaxis

Chemicals that move things

astrocytes

largest, most numerous glial cells; maintain blood-brain barrier

Microglia

phagocytic cells of the CNS, remove disease (macrophages)

Exteroceptors

detect external stimuli (touch, temp, pressure, sight, smell, hearing)

Oligodendrocytes

glial cells that produce myelin to sheath areas of white matter, one can myelinate many

Schwann cells

Type of glia in the PNS, Supporting cells of the PNS responsible for the formation of myelin

satellite cells

surround neuron cell bodies within the PNS ganglia, maintain cellular environment

Nodes of Ranvier

gaps in the myelin sheath

sensory

______ neurons enter the spinal cord dorsally

motor

______ neurons exit the spinal cord ventrally

proprioceptors

monitor body position. Maintain posture and balance

CNS

responsible for processing and integrating sensory info, planning and coordinating responses to stimuli- short term

Interoceptors

monitor internal systems send to CNS

myelin

fat wrapping, that gives white matter its whiteness

excitability

What is the ability to generate a signal

nucleus

CNS center with discrete boundaries

PNS

Nerves, anything outside of CNS

ANS

Branch of nervous system controlling automatic functions

intervetebral foramen

spinal never enter or exit here

tract

Bundle of nerve inside the CNS

column

group of tracts

L1-L2

Spinal cord ends between

filum terminale

filament that holds the spinal cord in place

conus medullaris

End of spinal cord

Sulcus

Shallow fissure an indent

cauda equina

The nerves that come out from the end of the spinal cord. Horse tail

pia mater

contains denticulate ligaments and filum terminale, inner layer, and cauda equina

dura

tough, fibrous layer that covers the spinal cord, contains epidural space

arachnoid

Spider like meninge middle

deep

in spinal cord, gray matter is _____ to white

superficial

in brain, gray matter is _____ to white

somatic

anterior gray horns provide _____ motor control

visceral

lateral horns consist of ____ motor neurons

somatic and visceral

posterior gray horns consist of ____ and ____ nuclei

musculocutaneous nerve

most lateral brachial nerve

ulnar nerve

most medial brachial nerve

sciatic nerve

Innervates all lower limb except anterior and medial thigh

reflex

immediate involuntary response to a specific stimulus

ANS

Automatic functions (heart rate breathing etc)

Aquired reflexes

learned reflex is called

motor

precentral gyrus=

innate reflexes

basic neural reflexes formed before birth

Cerebrum

Area of the brain responsible for all voluntary activities of the body

sensory

postcentral gyrus=

choroid plexus

produces CSF

primary motor cortex

the section of the frontal lobe responsible for voluntary movement

primary sensory cortex

process information from the senses

visual cortex

The visual processing

auditory cortex

the area of the temporal lobe responsible for processing sound information

claustrum

processes visual information at a subconscious level, "what is today"

corpus callosum

A thick band of axons that connects the two cerebral hemispheres

inability to make new memories

damage to the hippocampus would result in?

thalamus

Relay station for sensory information

Amygdala

sex, fear, aggression

pineal body

sleep/wake cycle, ceratonin metabolized in melatonin

Hypothalamus

most important visceral control center, regulates sleep cycles, hunger, thirst, body temp, section of pituitary gland, and ANS, can regulate some emotions and behaviors

corpora quadrigemina

process visual and auditory info and generate reflexive responses

visual

superior colliculi is involved in ______ reflexes

auditory

inferior colliculi is involved in ______ reflexes

mamillary bodies

control feeding reflexes (licking, swallowing, etc.)

substantia nigra

high melanin production from dopamine neurons. Motor control and movement. Parkinson's disease. Major role.

pons

helps to regulate respiration, houses cranial nerves V,VI,VII,VIII

medulla oblongata

relay station, controls blood pressure, breathing and heart rate, cardiac and respiratory centers

Wernick area

Speech processing and understanding

Brocha's area

speech production